Unit 10 Frightening nature
I. Listening & Speaking
1 scare/frighten sb. 使某人害怕 be scared/ frightened/ afraid of sb./ sth. 害怕某人/某物
a scared/ frightened face/ look/ eyes充滿恐懼的臉/神色/眼神（此人感到害怕）
a scaring/ frightening face/look/ eyes嚇人的臉/神色/眼神（令別人害怕） be scared/ frightened to death嚇得要死
2 be a threat/ danger to 對(duì)…構(gòu)成威脅/危險(xiǎn)，對(duì)…而言是構(gòu)成威脅/危險(xiǎn)的人或事物 3 stand on end直立，豎著
4 be terrified at/ with/ by被...嚇了一跳 be terrified of對(duì)...感到恐怖 terrify sb into doing 威脅某人做某事
II. Reading
1 attract/ draw sb’s attention 引起某人的注意 attract/ draw sb’s attention to將某人的注意力吸引到…上去
pay attention to/ give one’s attention to注意… call sb’s attention to叫某人注意… bring sth. to sb’s attention使某人注意…
2 rise vi. rose risen
1)（太陽(yáng)、月亮、星星等）升起，出現(xiàn) The sun has risen
2) (水位，價(jià)格,聲音等)升高, 上升, 上漲，提高 ， 增長(zhǎng)/強(qiáng) The flood has risen two feet.洪水上漲兩英尺。
Our confidence rises.我們的信心增強(qiáng)。
3）起立/床 rise from table(餐畢)起立離桌
4）（河流）發(fā)源于 The river rises in the mountains.這河發(fā)源于群山之中。
raise vt. raised, raised
1）抬高；舉起；使升起 raise one’s arms 抬起手臂 raise one's head抬起頭 raise the flag 升旗
2）使升高/上升/上漲/增加/增長(zhǎng)；提高 raise salaries提高工資raise the rent提高租金raise one’s voice提高聲音
3）飼養(yǎng); 養(yǎng)育; 栽培raise a family供養(yǎng)一家人raise chickens and corn養(yǎng)雞和種植玉蜀黍
4）提出 raise a question to sb向某人提一個(gè)問題
5）籌集(款)；召集; 征集,)raise funds 籌集資金raise an army召集軍隊(duì)
比較下面的句子：He raised his voice他提高了嗓音。 His voice rose in excitement.他激動(dòng)得聲音提高了。
They raised the prices他們提高了價(jià)格。The prices rose 價(jià)格上漲/增長(zhǎng)。
sit vi 坐下 seat vt 使…就坐/安排…坐下 seat sb. seat oneself
記住：及物動(dòng)詞必須有賓語(yǔ)，如后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)肯定用過去分詞表被動(dòng)，不及物動(dòng)詞不可接賓語(yǔ)也就不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Sitting/ Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. I found the boy seated/ sitting on his mother’s knee.
We got them to raise the prices. We got the prices raised. The prices keep rising.
3 sight 1)景象，景物, 場(chǎng)景, 景觀 a beautiful sight美麗的景象 a sad sight悲慘的場(chǎng)景
2) 風(fēng)景，名勝（人工造的景色, 常用復(fù)數(shù)） see the sights游覽名勝see the sights of the West Lake.觀賞西湖風(fēng)景
3)視覺，視力 lose one's sight 失明 have long/far sight遠(yuǎn)視 have short/near sight近視
have good/poor sight視力好/差 have one’s sight tested視力檢查
4) 看，觀望；觀覽at first sight 一見就..., 初次看見時(shí)at the sight of一看見…就... catch /have/ gain/ get sight of突然瞥見
5) 視野，眼界 be in sight可看得見的，在視線內(nèi)out of sight看不見的，在視線之外 be/ go /get out of sight看不見了lose sight of 看不見...了
scene 1）自然景色，風(fēng)景The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.
2）眼前的情景，景象（包括人及活動(dòng)在內(nèi)）The scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的場(chǎng)景十分可怕。
There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden.孩子們?cè)诨▓@里玩耍，好一派歡樂的景象。
3）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，出事地點(diǎn)a crowd at the scene of the accident在出事地點(diǎn)的人群
4）場(chǎng)所，地點(diǎn)What's new on the film scene?電影院演什么新片？
5）（戲劇）場(chǎng)景，布景
view 1）常指從某處可以看到的自然景色 It's a room with a view. You'll like it. There is a lovely view from this window
2）a point of view觀點(diǎn)
scenery指某地總的自然風(fēng)景或景色，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。不可數(shù) 。
4 awake vt.(awoke,awaked) 喚起,叫醒；提醒,啟發(fā)；激起,激發(fā) awake sb.'s sympathy喚起某人的同情心
adj. [用作表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)] 醒著的;意識(shí)到 be broad /wide awake完全醒著;完全知道, 充分覺察到 (be sound asleep酣睡)
awake to 明白, 認(rèn)識(shí)或意識(shí)到
5 at hand在手邊；在跟前 keep sth. at hand把某物放在手邊 have sth. at hand手頭上有某物
give sb. a hand with sth.在某方面幫某人 be made by hand手工制作的
6 way out（克服困難的）辦法，出路 find a way out找到出路 help sb. out （of）幫助某人擺脫（…）麻煩
7 escape 指“脫離或避開即將來臨或近在眼前的傷害、危險(xiǎn)、災(zāi)禍等事物”常作借喻用 escape death幸免一死
escape punishment/ being punished避免/逃脫懲罰 escape from the burning house從燃燒的房子里逃出來
flee含有所做的逃避動(dòng)作迅速，倉(cāng)促而情況緊迫之意 flee( from) the burning house從燃燒的房子里逃出來
flee/ escape to sp逃到某地
avoid 強(qiáng)調(diào)“有意識(shí)地躲避不愉快的或可能發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)的事物或情況”I cannot avoid meeting her.我怎么也避不開她。
avoid being killed避免被殺
run away著重動(dòng)作快速敏捷，不強(qiáng)調(diào)情況緊急，較口語(yǔ)化，有時(shí)可用get away代替，但get away有時(shí)含有“掙脫”之意
She hit the boy and he ran away. She tried to catch a butterfly, but it got away from her.
8 urge doing sth. 極力主張做某事 urge against極力反對(duì)
urge sb. to do sth.= urge sb. into doing sth =urge that sb. (should) do sth. 極力勸/主張/催促/慫恿某人做某事
9 the other way 另一個(gè)方向 ；相反 just the other way正相反
10 on/ upon arrival一到就 on/ upon one’s arrival at/ in sp= on/ upon arriving at/ in sp 某人一到某地就
on/ upon doing sth.在做某事時(shí)，當(dāng)某事發(fā)生時(shí)，一做某事就
11 calm down平靜/鎮(zhèn)定下來 calm sb. down使某人平靜/鎮(zhèn)定下來
12 形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨的狀態(tài) lie awake 躺著沒睡著 lie/ sit/ stand still 躺/坐/站著不動(dòng)
（也有人認(rèn)為lie/ sit/ stand在此是系動(dòng)詞 ）
13 more…than與其說是……不如說是…… 14 It is one thing to do…, another to do…. “……是一回事，……是另一回事”
15 the public 公眾 in public公開地
III. Integrating skills
1 get on board上（公共交通工具如火車/輪船/公交車/飛機(jī)等 ） board a train/ ship/ bus/ plane上火車/輪船/公交車/飛機(jī)
on board在公共交通工具上
2 knock about/ around（口語(yǔ)）漫游；閑逛
knock vt. 指用拳頭或其他硬的東西敲打并伴有響聲 ；相撞; 碰撞（常接頭、球、墻壁等物作賓語(yǔ)。）
knock sb. on the head打某人的頭knock one's head against the door把頭撞到門上
vi. 敲, 擊, 打(at, on) knock at the door敲門
n. 敲; 打擊; 一擊 a knock at the door敲門聲 a knock on the head頭上挨的一擊
knock down打/撞倒; 駁倒； 拆除, 拆開；[口]使降價(jià)knock into把(某種知識(shí))灌輸給... ；與...相撞 ；[口]偶然碰到(某人)
knock off 敲掉; 擊倒；下班休息; 罷工 knock over 弄翻, 打倒
beat 1）用力連續(xù)不斷的（敲）打 beat the child hard痛打孩子 be beaten to death 被打死 beat a drum敲鼓
2）打敗，打贏beat/ defeat后接某人，win 后接游戲、競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 3）（心臟）跳動(dòng)
hit 1）有力地“打擊”或“敲打”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，即“打中”，“敲中” One of the stones hit the window.有一塊石頭打中了窗戶。
hit sb on the head打中某人的頭 /砸在某人的頭上
2）(自然災(zāi)害，疾病)襲擊 A terrible disease hit the potato crop．一場(chǎng)可怕的病害使地里種的土豆遭受了襲擊。
An earthquake hit the district. 地區(qū)受到地震的襲擊。 The great storm hit the area．那場(chǎng)暴雨襲擊了那個(gè)地區(qū)
strike 1)突然或一次性的擊打或敲擊。Strike iron while it is hot．趁熱打鐵。（諺語(yǔ)）
2) 為...所觸動(dòng)/ 感動(dòng) /打動(dòng); 使突然充滿(一種強(qiáng)烈的感情)感動(dòng); 給以印象, 使……著迷
be struck with(by) 為... 迷住 It strikes me that我覺得...; 我的印象是...
3) 某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里 An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然想到一個(gè)主意
4) 襲擊, （蛇、獸）抓，咬; ( 疾病)侵襲;
be struck dead by lightning.被雷電打死 be struck with fever發(fā)燒, The plague struck Europe.瘟疫襲擊歐洲。
5) 擦出（火）strike a match擦火柴
6) （鐘）敲響，敲鐘報(bào)時(shí) The clock is striking 12. 鐘在敲12點(diǎn)。The clock strikes the hours.這鐘每小時(shí)報(bào)時(shí)一次。
7) be on strike（strike在此是名詞） 舉行罷工
3 be up發(fā)生；出事 What's up怎么了, 發(fā)生什么啦? What's up to sb.?某人怎么了, 發(fā)生什么啦?
up to （數(shù)目）到…之多 up to 100 men可達(dá)一百人 up to直到 up to now/ then知道現(xiàn)在/那時(shí)
be up to勝任, 適于 be up to one’s work勝任某人的工作
be up to從事于，忙于，做（壞事）What in the world are you up to?你到底在搞什么鬼？
It’s up to sb. to do sth.該由/輪到某人做某事，做某事取決于某人
4 sweep over風(fēng)靡, 襲擊, 將...一掃而光sweep up打掃干凈, 收拾干凈The plane sweeps across the sky.飛機(jī)掠過空中。
sweep away /off rubbish掃去垃圾 sweep aside放/堆到一邊, 不予理會(huì)
5 all of a sudden，all at once突然 6 be done for完蛋了， 不行了，累死了
7 live through the night 活過這個(gè)夜晚= survive the night
live by doing sth.， make/ earn a/ one’s living by doing sth. 靠做某事謀生/生活 live on靠吃…為生，以…為主食
8 whisper to sb. that低聲對(duì)某人說 It is whispered that傳言說….
speak in a whisper低聲講話 talk in a whisper低聲交談 hear a whisper that聽到一個(gè)謠傳說….
9 see可用物作主語(yǔ)，表示擬人手法“目睹，經(jīng)歷，遭遇”Last century saw two world wars.上世紀(jì)經(jīng)歷過兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。This old house has seen better days.這座老屋曾有過風(fēng)光的日子。
find也可這樣用。 National Day found people singing and dancing happily in a street parade.
國(guó)慶節(jié)時(shí)人們?cè)诖蠼稚系挠涡嘘?duì)伍里高興地唱啊跳啊。