Language points in reading:
1.Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories:
be made up of 由….組成的
e.g. The medical team is made up of ten doctors. 這個醫療隊是由十名醫生組成的
Our class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls. 二十個男生和十五名女生組成了我們的班集體
This is made up of three different parts. 它是由三個不同的部分組成的。
[區別] be made of 由….制成的 (能看出原料)
be made from由….制成的 (不能看出原料)
be made into 被制成….
be made in 被制造于….
Exercises: This car _______________Japan.
Are all animal bodies ________________cells?
Glass can ____________________glasses.
Glasses _____________________glass.
keys: is made in ; made up of ; be made into; are made of
[復習]make a face; make friends with ; make ends meet; make fun of; make a living; made room for; make up; make up one’s mind; make use of
2.The capital of Australia is Canberra, a city located between Sydney and Melbourne.
located 在這里是過去分詞，與后面的部分構成了分詞短語做后置定語修飾city.
單個分詞做定語常放在被修飾詞的前面
e.g. a fallen tree一棵倒下的樹 a broken chair一把破椅子 stolen cultural relics被盜的文物
surprised look吃驚的表情 a drunk man 一個醉漢
但是分詞短語做定語往往放在被修飾詞的后面做后置定語
e.g. money stolen by the fellow; gold hidden under the mud; teachers followed by the students
locate vt. 把….安裝于… 把….創建于….
e.g. They located the city Canberra between Sydney and Melbourne.→
The city Canberra was located between Sydney and Melbourne. 因此寫成分詞的形式就必須用過去分詞。
學過的類似用法的詞
Students interested in reading may go to the library every day in our school.愛好讀書的學生每天可以去圖書館。
The enemies stationed on the hill were defeated. 駐扎在小山上的敵人被打敗了。
The boy surprised at what he saw couldn’t say a word. 男孩對所見的事非常吃驚，一句話都說不出來。
3.Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stand for all the territories.
Represent → stand for vt. 代表
e.g. Our party represents the people.我們的黨代表人民的利益。
They said they represented the team.他們說他們代表整個隊。
The foreign minister represented the country at the conference.
在會議上外交大臣代表國家。
4. Australia is a young nation on an ancient continent.
on a continent 是一個介詞短語， 意思是： 在陸地上 有如下文當中的
In the seventeenth century, European explorers began arriving on the continent.
arrive vi. 應該與at, in 連用。在這on the continent 是介詞短語。
5. Their culture was highly developed.
highly adv. 高度的，非常的，很高地，（多修飾過去分詞或形容詞）
e.g. The boy was highly praised.他受到了高度贊揚。
He was a highly skilled flier now.現在他是一個技術高超的飛行員。
The industrial life of China is not yet highly developed.中國的工業還沒有迅猛發展。
He is a highly trained journalist in Paris.在巴黎他是一名受過嚴格訓練的記者。
6.Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen as a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.
本句中有一個重要的句式：主語+make+it+adj.+for sb. + to do sth.
e.g. Teachers always make it clear for the students to do the experiment.實驗前老師們總是為學生們講解清楚。
You’d better make it clear before we start. 我們開始前你最好講明白。
The heave rain made it impossible for us to go for a sight seeing.那場大雨讓我們的觀光成了泡影。
The 2008 Olympic Games makes it important for Chinese to learn English.
2008年的奧運會提高了中國人學英語的重要性。
Computers make it easy for us to look for information both at home and abroad.
電腦使我們很容易在網上獲得國內外的信息。
where prisoners and criminals were sent 是一個定語從句，修飾place.
exercises:用which 或where 填空：
This is the room _______I lived when I was young.
This is the room _______I lived in when I was yong.
Do you still remember the place_______ we played in last summer holiday?
Do you still remember the place_______ we played last summer holiday?
We often go to the place_______ there are many tall trees after school.
Keys: where; which ; which; where; where
7.As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
as a consequence 相當于as a result 結果
8.Many Aborigines and islanders were moved and had their land taken away from them.
復習句式have sb./sth. done.
[比較] have sb. /sth. do.
have sb./sth. doing.
have sth. to do.
Exercises
Tomorrow I will go to Beijing , do you have something __________ （買）？
I am very busy, so I have to have my hair ___________(理) on Sunday.
I have many much homework _____________ (做)，so I can’t go with you.
The two cheats had the lights ____________(亮) all the night.
Mum has a lot of housework ___________(做)every day.
Our English teacher had me ___________(站) in class, because I couldn’t recite the text.
Keys: bought; cut(過去分詞) ；to do; burning; to do ; stand
9.In the early twentieth century, Australia resembled the USA of the eighteenth century:
resemble →look like 看起來象，顯得象
注意：resemble沒有被動語態，沒有進行時態
e.g. She resembles her sister.她長得象她姐姐。
So many hotels resemble each other.許多旅館都很相似。
The plant resembles grass in appearance.這種植物外型象草。
10. The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.
have a strong/great influence on /upon 對…有很大的影響
e.g. Attitude of parents has a great influence on/upon their children.
父母的態度對孩子有很大的影響。
Literature and art have a strong influence upon/on people’s ideology.
文藝對人們的思想有很大的影響。
[拓展]under the influence of 在…的影響之下
e.g. Under the influence of the monitor, the students worked hard.
11.Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English.
differ vi. differ in = be different in 在…方面是不同的
e.g. The twins differ in character. 這對雙胞胎性格相差很大。
We have much in common, but we differ in appearance.我們共同點很多，但長得不象。
differ from… in….
e.g. Chinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation.漢語在發音上與英語差很遠。
[拓展] differ with/ from sb. on/about/upon sth. 某人就…問題與別人意見不一
e.g. We differ with/from him on/about/upon that question.就這個問題我們與他意見不一。