1. act
cn. ① 行動(dòng)，行為（指一次性的行為）
an act of kindness = a kind act善舉 Saving a child from the fire is really a brave act.
② （戲劇的）一幕
The act ended and the lights were turned on.幕終燈亮 Act III，Sceneii 第三幕第二場(chǎng)
vi． 行動(dòng)，行為，表現(xiàn)
e.g. It’s time to act. He acted quickly and put out the fire.
vt/vi 演（角色）；演出
Who acts Hamlet? He has acted on TV many times.
act as... 擔(dān)任…職務(wù)（=work as/serve as…）
I acted as a simultaneous interpreter我擔(dān)任同步翻譯
action n. active/inactive adj. activity n. actor/actress n. actual adj. actually ad.
2.vacation cn./un. (Am. Eng.)=holiday(s) (Bri. Eng)
a summer vacation/holiday
take a ten days’ vacation 請(qǐng)十天的假
on vacation = on holiday[形][副]在度假
e.g.The president is on vacation. 董事長(zhǎng)在度假
They have gone to France on vacation.他們?nèi)シ▏?guó)度假了。
3. surprise
vt. 使吃驚。（make someboday surprised）
e.g. You always surprise me. Let’s surprise Mom with a present.
She will be much surprised by our visit.
un. 吃驚，驚訝（抽象名詞）
e.g. Did he show any surprise at the news?聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息他有沒(méi)有感到驚訝？
There was a look of surprise on his face.
cn. 驚人的事情或人，意外地事
e.g. His success was a great surprise to me.
a surprise visit 突然造訪 in surprise [副]吃驚地
to one’s surprise = to the surprise of sb. [副]令某人驚訝的是
e.g. To my (great) surprise, she was the mother of two children.
When he entered the lecture hall, all the people looked at him in surprise.
surprise adj. surprising adj. surprisingly ad.
4. supposed
①vt. 以為，猜想
suppose (that) … (有時(shí)不接that從句，而接so)
e.g. John supposed that she was a teacher.約翰以為她是一位老師。
---Will she come with us?
---Yes, I suppose so./ No, I suppose not.=I don’t suppose so.
②suppose+名詞（人）+（to be）+形/名 “認(rèn)為某人是”
e.g. All of his friends will suppose her (to be) his wife.
= All of his friends will suppose that she was his wife.
③ sb. be supposed to do 應(yīng)該…，應(yīng)當(dāng)。（表示（主語(yǔ)）被要求、期望干某事）
e.g. You are not supposed to be sitting in this section; it is for children and women.
Children are not supposed to play football in the street.
④ suppose =supposing=if 作為連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常譯為“倘若”“假使”（從句常用一般時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)時(shí)）
e.g. Supposing it rains, what will you do?
Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do?
5. bend (過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞bent,現(xiàn)在分詞bending)
①vt/vi 彎曲，使彎曲
bend +名詞
The superman bent an iron bar into the shape of S.
bend one’s arm/knee/head
bend+副詞
The road bends to the left and then goes straight.
The trees bent before the strong wind.這些樹(shù)因強(qiáng)風(fēng)而彎曲。
②vi.彎腰，屈身
bend+副詞（常與over, down連用）
I bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. The tall man bent down to get into the room.
bend down with age 因年老駝背 bend to sth.屈服于… （=give in to sth.）
6. do with sth.
do with sth.處理某事，與what連用 ；deal with sth.常與how連用。
I don’t know what to do with the computer.
= I don’t know how to deal with the computer.
=I don’t know what I can/should do with the computer.
= I don’t know how I can/should deal with the computer.
7. explain vt/vi 說(shuō)明，解釋
①explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth.
e.g. I was asked to explain the meaning of the sentence.
He explained the outline of his plan to us.
②explain (to sb.) that…/ wh-…
e.g. Can you explain to me how to bake(烤) a cake?
He explained that he couldn’t come because he was ill.
He explained why he was late.
explanation n.
8. leave vt. 使…處于某種狀態(tài)；聽(tīng)任
①leave sb./sth. +adj./-ed/-ing /prep-phrase（介詞短語(yǔ)）
Don’t leave the door open.不要讓門開(kāi)著
They went to the cinema and left the kid alone at home.
Terror left her speechless.她恐懼得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。
Don’t leave your work halfdone/unfinished.工作不要半途而廢。
She left her baby crying.她使孩子哭個(gè)不停。
Better leave it unsaid.(諺語(yǔ))話還是不講出來(lái)的好。
②leave +名+ 副
Leave them as they are .那些東西就保留現(xiàn)狀吧。
Always leave things where you can find them again.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)把東西放在能找到的地方
9. charge
①vt/vi.索價(jià)，收費(fèi)
charge sth(錢) for sth.
e.g. They will charge at least $600 for moving the piano.
charge sb sth(錢) for sth.
e.g. I only charge you 200RMB for this meal.
My best friend once run a restaurant in the city, and every time I had meal there, he never charged.(vi)
② vt控訴，告發(fā)
charge sb. with sth. / charge sb. that…控告某人…罪
e.g. They charged him with theft.他們控告他盜竊罪
He was charged with bribery.他被控告收取賄賂
③vt 將（電池）充電，裝彈于（槍，炮）
The cellphone is fully charged.手機(jī)充滿電了。
④un 掌管，責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)；索價(jià)
free of charge [adj][ad.]免費(fèi)的（地）
e.g. You can get service free of charge.你可得到免費(fèi)的服務(wù)。
have/take charge of …負(fù)責(zé)，擔(dān)任…
in charge of負(fù)責(zé)，管理 in the charge of sb.=in one’s charge由某人照料、管理
e.g. He is in charge of your class.他擔(dān)任我們的班主任。
Our class is in the charge of our class teacher.我們班由班主任管理。
10.trust
①vt.信任，確信，認(rèn)為
trust +名詞
You shouldn’t trust the man.你不該信任那個(gè)人。
trust +名（人）to do sth.放心托付某人做某事。
You might trust her to do the work.
trust +that…相信，確信，認(rèn)為
I trust (that) you will enjoy your trip.
②un. 信賴，信任（in名）
have /place/ hold trust in sb./sth. 信任某人
e.g. Please put/have/hold trust in her.請(qǐng)信任她。
I have no trust in him.我不信任他。
We have trust in his success. =Our trust is that he succeed.我們確信他會(huì)成功。
11. behavior
① behave vi. 行為，舉止，為人處事
behave +副
e.g. She behaved well.= She is a well-behaved girl她舉止得當(dāng)；（她接人待物很好。）
behave like a gentleman/lady舉止像紳士/淑女
behave badly行為不良
②vi/vt. 行為檢點(diǎn)，守規(guī)矩
behave（oneself）
e.g. The boy behaved（himself）all day.那男孩每天都很守規(guī)矩
well-behaved adj.有教養(yǎng)的 ill-behaved adj.沒(méi)教養(yǎng)的
③ behavior un.行為，舉止，態(tài)度
e.g. Her behavior was praiseworthy.她的行為值得褒獎(jiǎng)。
rude behavior粗魯?shù)男袨?/p>
12. punish
vt. punish sb for sth. 因某事而懲罰某人
e.g. The teacher punished him for cheating in the exam.
Drunken driving should be punished severely by law.酒后駕車應(yīng)該依法受到嚴(yán)懲。
punishment un./cn. 懲罰
e.g. escape punishment=escape being punished逃過(guò)懲罰（免于受罰）
A good judge will try to make the punishment fit the crime.
一位公正的法官一定要量罪課刑。
punished adj.受罰的 unpunished adj. 未受懲罰的
13.fault & mistake
fault
①cn. （性格上的）缺點(diǎn)，毛病，缺陷（=shortcoming）
e.g. Her greatest fault is that she talks too much.
Everyone has faults每個(gè)人都有缺點(diǎn)
②cn. 錯(cuò)誤
e.g. a fault in/of grammar語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤
③un. 過(guò)錯(cuò)，過(guò)失
e.g. – Whose fault is it that we’re late?
- It‘s not my fault.不是我的過(guò)錯(cuò)。
mistake
①cn. 錯(cuò)誤，過(guò)失，誤解
e.g. a spelling mistake拼寫錯(cuò)誤It’s a mistake這是一個(gè)誤會(huì)
make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)
by mistake [副]弄錯(cuò)
e.g. I got on the wrong bus by mistake.
②vt.誤解，弄錯(cuò)，誤會(huì)
mistake+ 名詞
e.g. I mistake his meaning / what he meant.我誤解了他的意思
mistake the date/address弄錯(cuò)日期/地址
mistake sth/sb. for sth./sb.把…錯(cuò)當(dāng)作…
e.g. People often mistake him for a famous singer.
mistake sympathy for love誤將同情當(dāng)愛(ài)情
mistaken adj. 誤解的，弄錯(cuò)的
be mistaken about sb./sth.誤解某人/某事
e.g. If I am not mistaken, he is the man we saw on the bus.
要是我們沒(méi)認(rèn)錯(cuò)人的話，我們?cè)诠财嚿弦?jiàn)到的就是那個(gè)男人。
14.go out
① vi.外出，到外面
My parents wouldn’t let me go out at night.我父母不允許我夜間外出
② vi (火，燈)熄滅
Suddenly all the lights went out突然燈全熄滅了
③ go out of …從（某場(chǎng)所）出去
The police asked the thief to go out of the shop where he was caught stealing.
15. scene
①cn.（發(fā)生事件的）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，地點(diǎn)，場(chǎng)面
the scene of the murder兇殺案現(xiàn)場(chǎng)
the scene of the traffic accident車禍的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)
come on the scene 到場(chǎng)
②cn.風(fēng)景，景色 （scenery表示“風(fēng)景”為不可數(shù)名詞）
The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene.港灣中的船只構(gòu)成里美麗的風(fēng)景
③cn.(戲劇，小說(shuō)等的）場(chǎng)，經(jīng)（是act幕中的小劃分）
ActI,Scenei第一幕第一場(chǎng)
16. hard
①ad. “努力地”，“辛苦地”，“猛烈地” （比較hardly）
e.g. Work hard and you will succeed sooner or later.
It was raining hard.
He can hardly read or write 他不識(shí)字
She hardly knew how ill she was.她幾乎不知道她病得多么厲害
②adj. “硬心腸的”；“辛苦的”；“猛烈的”；“酷烈的”；“苛刻的，嚴(yán)厲的”
e.g. He is hard-hearted.他鐵石心腸
That’s a hard work. 那時(shí)一個(gè)辛苦的工作
That was a hard blow for her.那對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)沉重的打擊。
It was a hard winter.那時(shí)一個(gè)嚴(yán)冬
be hard on sb. “對(duì)某人苛刻，嚴(yán)厲”
e.g. Don’t be so hard on such a little child.
17. now that conj.是引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，意為“既然”，表原因語(yǔ)氣比because 弱，引導(dǎo)的從句常放句首，that 可以省略。
e.g. Now（that）everyone is here, let’s begin the meeting.
Now （that） you mention it, I do remember.你這么一說(shuō)我確實(shí)想起來(lái)了
Now (that) you are grown up, you must stop this childish behavior.
既然你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，你必須停止這樣幼稚的行為。
18. grown-up
①cn.（=adult更正式）
e.g. The child behaved like a grown up.這孩子做起事來(lái)像大人。
②adj.長(zhǎng)大的，成年的，成熟的
his grown-up son他成年的兒子（做定語(yǔ)）
Try to behave in a more grown-up way要盡量表現(xiàn)得成熟些