單項(xiàng)選擇題是考查學(xué)生對(duì)句子的層次，對(duì)語法規(guī)則、詞匯等掌握的情況，通過設(shè)定語境，詞語或某些成分的位置變化等將考查知識(shí)與能力結(jié)合起來，突出語言的交際性、靈活性，實(shí)現(xiàn)知識(shí)與能力相結(jié)合的目標(biāo)。有些題看起來似乎很難，很復(fù)雜，但只要學(xué)會(huì)掌握正確的分析問題的方法，那么，一切難題都是可以解答的。下面就一些題型的解題思路與技巧作一些歸納。
一． 結(jié)構(gòu)分析
1． 帶標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的句子
1). 帶逗號(hào)的句子
a. 非限制性定語從句
例.1. There are two small rooms in the house, ______is served as a kitchen .
A. the smaller of them B. the smaller of which
C. the smaller one D. the small one
2. ______ is well known, _____ Taiwan is part of China .
A. It; that B. It; which C. As; / D. As; that
b. 狀語從句
例. --- Is Mrs White in the office ?
--- Yes, _____ she is on duty, she must be there today .
A. since B. until C. if D. while
2). 帶分號(hào)的句子
例. I went to Beijing last week; ______ I met an old friend of mine .
A. there B. which C. where D. that
3). 帶破折號(hào)的句子
例. _____ some of this juice--- perhaps you’ll like it .
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried
4). 并列句
例. ______ several times, but he still does not know how to do it properly .
A. Being shown B. Having shown
C. Having been shown D. I have shown him
5). 非謂語動(dòng)詞
例. 1. _____, we all went out for a picnic .
A. Being a fine day B. As being a fine day
C. It was a fine day D. It being a fine day
2. 語序
1). 賓語從句
例. ____ can anyone be sure ______ look like in a million years ?
A. What; man will B. What; will man
C. That; man will D. That; will man
2). 定語從句
例. 1. Yu Gong talked of the difficulty he _____ the mountains in front of his house .
A. had removed B. had removing
C. removed D. had to remove
2. In my opinion, it is the best use _____ could be ______ this money .
A. what; made of B. as; make of
C. which; made from D. that; made of
3). 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
例. It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Drof. Havries ____ they did the experiment .
A. which; that B. that; which
C. whom; that D. which; where
4). 狀語插入固定詞組中
例. She looks forward every night to _____ American to study .
A. fly to B. flying to
C. visit D. visiting to
5). 倒裝
例. ____ we had been looking forward to .
A. After Kate stands the new teacher
B. Before Rose the new teacher stood
C. Then came the hour
D. When the hour came
6). 主語，表語從句
例. It was said ____ was ____ the Chinese raised silkworms .
A. that that; what B. what that; how
C. that that; how D. that what; that
二． 語境分析
1．判斷動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：
例.1. --- Do you have any letters _____ , sir ?
--- Thank you . I have had them _____ .
A. typed; typed B. typing; typing
C. to type; type D. to be typed; typed
2.--- Do you have many exercises ______ tonight, Tom ?
--- Yes . Our teachers give us lots of exercises every day .
2． 從問答中找信息：
例. 1.--- Didn’t you pass the exam ?
--- _____, or I couldn’t _____ by my parents .
A. No, I did; be scolded B. No, I didn’t; have been scolded
C. Yes, I do; have scolded D. Yes, I did; have been scolded
2.--- Can I have _____ orange, Mum ?
--- Oh. Your sister has had it .
A. another B. an C. one more D. the other
3． 從謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來判斷：
例. 1. The students feel happy that the building _____ is for the teachers, though there is much noise .
A. being built B. to be built
C. built D. having been built
2. He must ____ a shower, for I can hear the water ______ .
A. have; run B. be having; run
C. have; running D. be having; running
3. The price _____, but I doubt whether it will remain so .
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone down D. was going down
4． 從句中的時(shí)間狀語來判斷：
例. 1. The house _____ are for the teachers and construction work will begin soon .
A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built
2. The teachers have moved into the new houses ______ last term .
A. built B. to be built C. being built D. having been built
3. The houses ______ now near the school are for our teachers .
A. are being built B. being built
C. to be built D. built
三．省略
根據(jù)某些語法規(guī)則及對(duì)話體， 句中的某些成分是可以省略的。而出題的人往往采用省略。
（一）. 狀語從句
1． 時(shí)間狀語從句
例. 1. People shake hands and say “ How do you do ?” when ______ to each other .
A. being introduced B. introducing
C. to introduce D. introduced
2. When _____ some questions about the accident, the manager of the coal mine kept silent .
A. ask B. being asked C. asked D. asking
2． 條件狀語從句
例. If _____, the material will give ______ an unpleasant smell .
A. burning; out B. burned; up
C. burning; off D. burned; off
3． 比較狀語從句
例. 1. An apple is _____, if not better than , an orange .
A. as well as B. as good as
C. so better as D. so good as
2. Of course they were later than ______; but _____ they were in time to start the game .
A. expected; at all B. expecting; in all
C. we expected; after all D. expected; after all
4．定語從句
例. This is the first film ______ I have seen in my life .
A. which B. where C. what D. /
（二）對(duì)話體
1．省主語，謂語或賓語等
例--Mum, why do you always ask me to drink a glass of milk every day?
-----------______enough protein and nutrition as you______
A . Get, grow up B. Getting, grow up
C. To get, are growing up D. To be getting, are growing up
2．省謂語或賓語等
例1.-----What do you think makes Jane so sad?
--------______ the news that her father died yesterday.
A. Because she heard B. She heard C. Hearing D . Heard
2.We should do all ____ we can ______ the poor children in the western area
A. what .help B. that , to help C. what, to help D. that, help
（三）非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句， 故被看作狀語從句的簡(jiǎn)化
1． 原因
例.With lots of trees and flowers _____ here and there, our school looks very beautiful.
A. having planted B. planted C. having been planted D. to be planted
2． 時(shí)間
例.______ the yard ,I found it_____ with lots of ______ leaves.
A. Entering, covering, falling B. Entering, covered, fallen
C. Entering , covering ,fallen D. Having entered, covered, falling
3． 條件
例.___________,it wasn’t a dad holiday.
A. Considering everything B. Considered everything
C . Considering anything D. Considered anything
四．主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)
弄清楚句中的動(dòng)詞是及物還是不及物動(dòng)詞是決定主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵，是選非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的關(guān)鍵。
（一） 邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系
1．及物動(dòng)詞
例.Without the teacher_______ us, none of us tried our best in the running
A. times B. timing C. timed D. time
2．不及物動(dòng)詞
例.1. The old scientist often has his light ______ all night long
A. burn B. burned C. burning D. to be burned__
2.The boy lay on the ground, with his eyes_______ straight upward, and his teeth_________
A. looking, setting B. looked ,set C. looking, set D. looked, setting
（二） 邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
1．單賓動(dòng)詞
例.1.Never_______ faith in himself, the scientist went on with his research
A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. to be lost
2. _______ in thought , Einstein knocked into the tree
A. Lost B. To lose C. Losing D. To be lost
2．雙賓動(dòng)詞
例. _______ great help, I could get rid of all the difficulty and succeeded
A. Offered B. Having offered C. Being supplied D. Having supplied
3復(fù)合賓語
例.The Yellow river, ______ “the mother river”, runs across like a huge dragon
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to be called
五．復(fù)雜化
與省略相反，編者按語法規(guī)則增加一些成分或變換句子的語序等使原來的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化，使之復(fù)雜化
1． 疑問句
例.Is this hotel_____ you said we could stay in your letter?
A. the one B. which C. where D. that
2. Who has the manager_______ the machine?
A. repaired B. have repaired C. had repaired d. to repair
2． 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
例.It was with great courage________ the boy told the truth_______
A. which, that B. when, that C. as, that D. that, that
3． 插入成分
例.The scientist has developed a new kind of plant, _____ of great value to farming.
A. which he thinks is B. which he thinks it is
C. which he thinks it D. he thinks which is
4． 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
例.The young man, who was caught______ the lady’s purse in the shop, was taken to the police station.
A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stole
六．思維定勢(shì)
1．謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞
例.1. They are talking about the difficulty the kind old man_______ a hope school for the children.
A. has set up B. has to set up C. setting up D. has setting up
2. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ____ the book____ on the table and disappeared.
A. left, lain upon B. leaving, lying upon C. leaving, lie upon D. left, lay opened
2．主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)
例.Salesmen are so smart that customers can’t help_____ to buy something they don’t really need.
A. to be persuaded B. persuading C. being persuade D. be persuaded
3．賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語
例.The old scientist is considered______ the mobile phone.
A. inventing B. to invent C. to have invented D. having invented
4．形式與意義
例.1. She left a child,______ home as an old woman.
A. and returned B. returning C. to return D. returned
2. It was a matter of _____ would take the position
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever