--湖南省漣源市第二中學(xué) 曾 省 初
曾 省 初，男，畢業(yè)于湖南教育學(xué)院英語系, 任教于湖南省漣源市第二中學(xué)。自八七年以來一直從事高中畢業(yè)班和復(fù)習(xí)班的教學(xué)工作, ,英語教研組組長, 中學(xué)英語高級教師。《高考金刊》 、《學(xué)英語》、《中學(xué)英語之友》、《中學(xué)生英語報(bào)》、《中學(xué)英語指導(dǎo)》等多家雜志社特約編輯,曾在《中學(xué)英語之友》、《英語輔導(dǎo)報(bào)》、《數(shù)字世界報(bào)》、《 新高考》等報(bào)刊雜志上發(fā)表論文數(shù)十篇,主編了《2004最新英語聽力教程》、《高考英語點(diǎn)晴》、《高中英語語法詳解》、《高考英語熱點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)解析》、等15本。多年參加湖南省英語高考閱卷和高考英語口語主考工作,并被評為優(yōu)秀閱卷教師。多次代表漣源市在婁底市高考英語學(xué)科研討會(huì)上做示范講座。堅(jiān)持高三,復(fù)習(xí)班一線工作17年, 潛心于網(wǎng)絡(luò)（個(gè)人網(wǎng)址http://www.k12.com.cn/teacher/union/personal/per_zj.php3?uid=Robert7616）與多媒體教學(xué)研究，能與外教自由交談，教學(xué)效果顯著。
[名師導(dǎo)航]
通知是一種常用應(yīng)用文體，用來把有關(guān)事情告知特定的讀者或聽眾。通知的正文就是通告的內(nèi)容，這是主體部分，包括通告的對象、事由、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。它分為書面通知和口頭通知兩種，這兩種通知在格式上有較大差別。
書面通知的常見形式有一般通知、布告、海報(bào)等。它們一般張貼在布告欄或黑板上。通知的正文上方有Notice (或全部大寫NOTICE)或Announcement (或全部大寫ANNOUNCEMENT)為題目。以海報(bào)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，通知常以海報(bào)內(nèi)容為題，如Lecture, Football Match等。當(dāng)然題目中還可以出現(xiàn)發(fā)通知的單位，如Student Union Notice, English Department Announcement，通知題目要求居中打印、書寫，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，甚至可以以粗體形式出現(xiàn)。書面通知一定要有發(fā)通知時(shí)間及落款。出通知的時(shí)間一般寫在通知正文的下方左角，落款于右下角，當(dāng)然時(shí)間及落款也可都寫右下角。書面通知的正文一般用第三人稱來寫。時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、參加者、內(nèi)容、注意事項(xiàng)是通知的要點(diǎn)，應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)?shù)匾灰挥枰哉f明。我們既可以用包容量較大的長句，也可以用簡明的短語，前者正式，后者易懂易記。在正文中切忌添枝加葉的評論。一般情況下通知以段落形式出現(xiàn)，海報(bào)則按信息分行居中書寫或打印。
口頭通知一般不用寫題目，也不必有出通知的時(shí)間。發(fā)布口頭通知首先說明被通知的對象，在正文前面有呼語且頂左格寫，如：Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls 等等。為了引正聽者的注意，需另起行不頂格寫一些引人注意的話，如：Be quiet, please! May I have your attention? Attention, please! 等。口頭通知要口頭發(fā)布，因而可以用較隨意口語體，如：I’ll, I’ve等。口頭通知在結(jié)束時(shí)要有結(jié)束語，這是因?yàn)榭陬^通知需要用一些語言表明通知的起止，如用That’s all. 表示通知到此為止宣布完畢。另外結(jié)尾處還需要一些如Thank you. 一樣的客套語。口頭通知的一些常用的開頭語和結(jié)束語。
開頭語
Be quiet, please! Attention, please!
Listen, please.
A Please be quiet, everyone.
Please stop talking over there!
May I have your attention, please!
Please be quiet, everyone, There is something I have to tell you.
B Be quiet, please. There is something you need to know.
Listen, please. There is going to be…
結(jié)束語
Any questions?
Does everyone understand?
That’s all. Thank you.
不論是口頭通知還是書面通知都是宣布即將發(fā)生的事情及其具體內(nèi)容，因而多用將來時(shí)態(tài)，其中往往有一些注意事項(xiàng)，一般用祈使句來強(qiáng)調(diào)。通知的語言要簡潔明了，條理清晰，要求精確，特別是時(shí)間概念很重要，必須寫得十分明確，不容絲毫含糊。
[高考真題演練]
]
1．[2000 春招]
為了豐富外國留學(xué)生的生活，你校學(xué)生會(huì)將舉辦一次音樂周活動(dòng)，請你以組織者的身份寫一個(gè)書面通知。有關(guān)內(nèi)容如下：
時(shí)間：5月第1周
活動(dòng)：
1．演唱歌曲：流行歌曲
2．器樂演奏：古典和民間音樂
3．音樂比賽：聽歌曲片斷,然后猜出處
地點(diǎn)：屆時(shí)通知
參加者請于4月20日前報(bào)名。
注意：1．書面通知應(yīng)寫成一篇連貫的短文;
2．可以適當(dāng)增減細(xì)節(jié);
3．詞數(shù)100左右;
4．通知格式已為你寫好;
5．生詞：古典 - classical 民間 - folk 樂器 - musical instruments
比賽 - contest
Possible version
April 10, 2000
Dear students,
The Students Union has decided to organise a music week. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If you'd like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The place for the activities will be announced later.
Come to the great fun!
Students Union
2．[書面表達(dá)1994]
提 示：你校學(xué)生會(huì)將為來訪的美國朋友舉辦一個(gè)晚會(huì)，要在學(xué)校廣播中宣布此事，并歡迎大家參加。為使美國朋友聽懂，請你用英語寫一篇廣播通知。要點(diǎn)如下：
宗 旨：歡迎來訪的美國朋友
組織者：學(xué)生會(huì)
時(shí) 間：8月15，星期六，晚7：30
地 點(diǎn)：主樓屋頂花園
活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：音樂、跳舞、唱歌、游戲、交換小禮品(請包裝好、簽名并在包裝外面寫上幾個(gè)祝 愿詞)
注意：
(1) 廣播稿約100詞；
(2) 應(yīng)包括以上要點(diǎn)，但不要逐字翻譯，要組織成一篇通順連貫的短文；
(3) 開頭語已為你寫好。
生詞：
交換禮品to exchange gifts 學(xué)生會(huì) the Student Union
May I have your attention please?
I have an announcement to make--
內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：
(1) 為歡迎來訪的美國朋友舉辦晚會(huì)；
(2) 由學(xué)生會(huì)組織；
(3)于8月15日，星期六，晚7：30舉行；
(4) 在主樓屋頂花園；
(5) 將跳舞、唱歌、聽音樂、做游戲；
(6) 交換小禮品，禮品需包裝、簽名并寫上祝愿詞；
(7) 歡迎大家都參加。
One possible version:
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 p. m. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. There’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.
[創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練]
1．會(huì)議通知
1．某中學(xué)將有一位美國教授布菜克博士來訪，該教授將給師生們作一次報(bào)告，介紹美國的教育情況。學(xué)校要求同學(xué)們在星期三下午2：30準(zhǔn)時(shí)到105大教室參加報(bào)告會(huì)，并帶上筆記本，以便會(huì)后討論。請你根據(jù)上面要點(diǎn)，用英語寫一通知。(字?jǐn)?shù)：80左右)
參考詞語
美國教授American professor
有關(guān)教育的報(bào)告a report on education
作筆記to take notes
討論to have a discussion
Notice
An American professor, Dr Black will visit our school this Wednesday afternoon. He will give us a report on the education in America. Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m. Wednesday. Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so that we can have a discussion about it after it is over.
2．郊游通知
[題 材]
假如你是高三(2)班班長，你班要在5月4日即下星期六去廬山郊游。請你擬一份通知，準(zhǔn)備向同學(xué)們宣讀。內(nèi)容包括：
1、郊游日期：5月4日，下星期六；
2、主要內(nèi)容：攀登比賽、攝影等；
3、早餐后8點(diǎn)坐校車出發(fā)，午餐自帶，下午3點(diǎn)回校；
4、歡迎全體同學(xué)參加。凡參加者先登記并交給班長5元錢。
注意：通知詞數(shù)約70-120。要求意思連貫。
[范 文]
An Outing to Lushan
An Announcement
Class, please be quiet. I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th. The expense is about five yuan. Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me. We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a. m. and come back to school at 3:00 p.m.. Remember to bring your lunch with you.
We’ll have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there. All the students are welcome. That’s all. Thank you.
Monitor
Class 2 of Senior Grade 3
3．晚會(huì)通知
假如你是班長，通知你班同學(xué)本周星期六晚上7：30-在本班教室舉行一次英語晚會(huì)，節(jié)目有唱歌、朗誦、講故事、話劇等，要求本班同學(xué)都參加，歡迎外班同學(xué)光臨，請同學(xué)們作好準(zhǔn)備。(字?jǐn)?shù)：80左右)
參考詞語
朗誦recitation 節(jié)目programme (或program)歡迎to be welcomed表演 to perform
Fellow students, attention, please.I have some good news to tell you. We’re going to have an English evening, in our classroom at 7:30 on Saturday evening. The programme inclides songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays. Everyone in our clas must take part in it and students form other classed are also welcome. Everone who takes part in the party should perform once.
That’s all. Thank you.
4．游玩的通知
請你以學(xué)生會(huì)名義，根據(jù)下面表格的內(nèi)容寫一則去人民公園游玩的通知。
參加者 高二年級全體學(xué)生
活動(dòng)內(nèi)容 1．12月28日，周六去人民公園，上午瀏覽東湖；
2．中午在湖邊野餐；
3．下午參觀植物園（the botanical garden ）.
集合時(shí)間和地點(diǎn) 早上6：50在校門集合；7：00開車。
注意事項(xiàng) 1．穿運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋；
2．自帶午餐和飲料；
3．如有可能，每班帶1--2部照相機(jī)；
4．準(zhǔn)時(shí)集合。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右。2.通知的格式已寫出。
Notice
Attention, please.
Notice
Attention, please .
The students of Senior Grade Two will go to the people’s Park for an outing on December 28,Saturday. In the morning ,we will visit the East Lake . We’ll have a picnic by the lake at noon .After that , we’ll visit the botanical garden .Please wear your sports shoes ,and take your lunch and drinks with you ,If possible ,each class can take a couple of cameras along so that you can take some pictures of the beautiful sights . We are to meet at the school gate at 6:50 a.m. The buses will start at 7:00 a.m. Don’t be late .
The Student’s Union
[創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練]
5．假如有一批澳大利亞中學(xué)生在京旅游，住在北京飯店，請用英語為他們擬一個(gè)參觀頤和園的口頭通知, 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下:
參觀時(shí)間: 五月二日 星期三
頤和園簡介: 它是中國最大的保存最完好的皇家園林, 風(fēng)景優(yōu)美, 甚是迷人, 有山有水, 有皇家建筑和畫廊。
活動(dòng)安排: 上午自由參觀, 中午在快餐館吃午飯, 下午5:30返回賓館。
集合時(shí)間: 星期三早上6:10, 汽車6:30開, 行駛45分鐘。
集合地點(diǎn): 賓館大門口。
要求: 不要逐條翻譯, 詞數(shù)100詞左右
One possible version:
May I have your attention?
We will visit the summer Palace on Wednesday, May 2nd. The Summer Palace is the largest well-kept royal park in China. In the park there is water and man-piled hills. There are some royal buildings and a gallery, too. I am sure you will be struck by its beautiful scenery. In the morning we will be free to visit the different places of the Palace and then we will have lunch in the fast-food restaurant. We will get back to the hotel at half five. Please gather at the hotel gate at 6:10 on Wednesday morning. The buses will start at 6:30. It will take us about 45 minutes to get there . Please be on time. Thank you.
6． 假如你是學(xué)校業(yè)余氣象員，晚上6:00你根據(jù)從電臺(tái)天氣預(yù)報(bào)節(jié)目中得知的當(dāng)?shù)禺?dāng)天晚上和第二天上午的天氣情況，用英語向全體師生作天氣預(yù)報(bào)，并提出忠告。要點(diǎn)如下：
1．午夜至凌晨兩點(diǎn)有強(qiáng)北風(fēng)。
2．氣溫下降5-8°C。
3．明天上午有陣雨。
4．要求同學(xué)們今晚離開教室時(shí)關(guān)好門窗。
5．明天早晨起床時(shí)多穿些衣服，以防感冒。
(詞數(shù)100左右)
Possible version：
Teachers and schoolmates,
It is six o'clock in the afternoon. I'm now giving the weather forecast as usual. From midnight to 2:00 tomorrow morning there will be strong north wind blowing across our town and the temperature will drop by 5--8℃. Also there will be showers tomorrow morning. Therefore, be sure to close all the doors and windows when you leave the classroom tonight and when you get up tomorrow morning, please put on more clothes in order to protect yourself from cold.
That' s all. Thank you.
7．通知全班同學(xué)，英語期中考試增加口試，內(nèi)容包括：
1．朗讀課本中的某些課文，部分自選，部分由教師在口試時(shí)指定；
2．圍繞教師在口試時(shí)指定的課文，向教師提問；
3．口頭英漢互譯教師在口試時(shí)指定的課文；
4．就口試時(shí)教師指定的句型做替換練習(xí)，口試占期中考試15％，請大家做好準(zhǔn)備。
參考詞組：替換練習(xí)substitution drills 口頭翻譯oral translation
Possible version：
Boys and girls,
Attention, please. In order to improve your ability of speaking, an oral test will be added to the mid-term English examination. The test will include:
1. Reading aloud some of the texts, partly assigned by the teacher during the test and partly self-chosen.
2. Ask the questions about the texts assigned by the teacher during the test.
3. Oral translation of some of the texts from English into Chinese and from Chinese into English assigned by the teacher during the test.
4. Substitution drills of sentence patterns assigned by the teacher during the test. The oral test will be 15% of the marks of the mid-term examination. Please get ready for it.
8．某機(jī)場因濃霧，飛機(jī)不能起降。請你用英語擬一廣播通知。內(nèi)容包括：
1．原因：濃霧。
2．措施：各航班推遲起飛，滯留乘客免費(fèi)午餐。
用餐時(shí)間：11：00-13：00；地點(diǎn)：二樓餐廳。
霧散即宣布起飛，1小時(shí)內(nèi)無飛機(jī)降落機(jī)場。 ，
3．要求：遵守秩序，保管好自己的行李，不要離開候機(jī)廳。
注意：1．通知應(yīng)包括上述全部內(nèi)容；2．詞數(shù)100左右。
Possible version：
Ladies and gentlemen,
May I have your attention, please?
All flights this morning are put off because of the thick fog. As there is no wind, the weatherman is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We cannot but wait. Please keep order and take good care of your baggage, and don't leave the waiting room.
For passengers retained at the airport, lunch is free. It will be served in the dining hall on the second floor from eleven o'clock to thirteen o'clock.
By the way, no planes will arrive in an hour.
As soon as the weather turns favourable, we shall announce flights.
Thank you.
9． 你是班長，根據(jù)下面提示，擬一個(gè)英語口頭通知。
1)加拿大學(xué)生來校參觀；
2)共24人，從5月25日上午8:00到下午5:00；
3)5月25日上午7:50在會(huì)議室集合，歡迎來自加拿大的學(xué)生并開聯(lián)歡會(huì)，現(xiàn)在要準(zhǔn)備好節(jié)目；4)帶客人參觀學(xué)校，12:00在校食堂就餐；5)下午聽加拿大學(xué)生介紹他們學(xué)校的情況 6)注意待人要熱情，禮貌。
Possible version:
Attention, please, everyone! 24 students from Canada will come to visit our school on May 25. They will arrive at 8:00 in the morning. We are to gather at 7:50 in the meeting room to give them a warm welcome, and then we'll hold a get-together. Please get our programmes. After that, we'll show them around our school. And we'll have lunch together in the school dining hall. In the afternoon some Canadian students will talk to us about their school. They will leave at 5:00 p.m.. We should be polite and friendly to our guests.
That's all. Thank you.