重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)：
1.take place 發(fā)生
2.so---that 如此---以致于
3.sweep sb. down 沖倒
4.pull up 拽起，停車(chē)
5.hold on to 抓住，握住
6.get on one’s feet 站起來(lái)
7.go on a holiday 度假
8.far away from 遠(yuǎn)離
9.on fire 著火
10.such as 例如
11.travel agent 旅行社
12.be caught in 遭遇到
13.think twice 三思
14.think highly of 對(duì)---評(píng)價(jià)很高
15.stare at 盯著
16.leave out 遺漏
17.take off 脫下，起飛
18.go wrong 出問(wèn)題
19.in all 總之
20.on the air 廣播
21.make jokes about 開(kāi)---的玩笑
22.play a role 扮演角色
23.make money 掙錢(qián)
24.owe success to sb. 把成功歸功于某人
25.start with 以---開(kāi)始
26.a thank-you letter 一封感謝信
27.introduce---to--- 將---介紹給---
28.make a good impression 留下好印象
29.the custom of toasting 敬酒的習(xí)俗
30.apologize to sb. for sth. 因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮?/p>
交際用語(yǔ):
1.Well done! 做得好！
2.You can do it! 你能行！
3.Come on! 快點(diǎn)！
4.It scares me. 這讓我害怕。
5.Keep trying! 再試試！
6.How do you like/find---? 你認(rèn)為---怎么樣？
7.What do you think of---? 你認(rèn)為---怎么樣？
8.Excuse me. 對(duì)不起。
9.Forgive me. 請(qǐng)?jiān)彙?/p>
10.I’m (very/so/terribly) sorry. 十分抱歉。
11.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to---. 對(duì)不起，我不是有意---。
12.That’s all right./ That’s OK./ No problem. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。
知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納:
1.advance
(1) v. 前進(jìn),推進(jìn),促進(jìn),提升
Napoleon’s army advanced towards Moscow. 那破侖的軍隊(duì)向莫斯科挺進(jìn)了。
Two months has passed and the project has advanced.
兩個(gè)月過(guò)去了，這項(xiàng)工程已有進(jìn)展。
(2) n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展
The commander ordered to halt the enemy’s advance. 司令下令阻止敵軍前進(jìn)。
He’s always paying attention to the advances in medical science.
他時(shí)刻注意著醫(yī)學(xué)上的進(jìn)步。
（3）in advance 預(yù)先，在---之前
I was given a month’s salary in advance. 我提前發(fā)了一個(gè)月的工資。
（4）advanced adj. 高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的
Einstein learned advanced mathematics all by himself at 13.
愛(ài)因斯坦13歲就能自學(xué)高等數(shù)學(xué)了。
Few scientists could understand his advanced theory at that time.
那時(shí)沒(méi)幾個(gè)科學(xué)家能理解他高深的理論。
2.seize vt.
(1) 抓住，捉住
The thief was seized by the police. 那個(gè)小偷被警察抓住了。
He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。
(2) 抓住（時(shí)機(jī)）
If you get the opportunity to work abroad, you should seize it with both hands.
如果你有出國(guó)工作的機(jī)會(huì)，切勿放過(guò)。
Seize the day, seize the hour!
只爭(zhēng)朝夕！
（3）（思想、感情等）支配人的頭腦
The man was seized with panic. 這個(gè)人驚慌失措。
Uncontrollable laughter seized us. 我們不由自主地大笑起來(lái)了。
3.strike vt. vi. (struck, struck/stricken)
(1) 打，擊，砍，敲
strike a blow 擊出一拳
strike a match 劃火柴
I wouldn’t dream of striking a woman. 我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)打女人。
He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist. 他氣得用拳頭砸桌子。
(2) 打中，擊中；撞，觸礁
A snow ball struck/hit him on the back of the head. 一個(gè)雪球打中了他的后腦勺。
Then my shovel struck against something metallic.
然后我的鏟子碰到了一件像金屬的東西。
（3）（某種想法）忽然出現(xiàn)；使（某人）突然意識(shí)到
It strikes sb. that--- 忽然意識(shí)到
be struck by--- 深受感動(dòng)
The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her. 她突然意識(shí)到了事情可笑的一面。
We were struck by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.
使我們深受感動(dòng)的是，甚至最貧窮的市民也慷慨大方。
（4） 給某人某種印象
---How did it strike you? 你覺(jué)得它如何？
---It struck me as strange at the time. 我當(dāng)時(shí)覺(jué)得它很古怪。
（5）（鐘）敲響
The church clock began to strike twelve. 教堂的鐘開(kāi)始敲12點(diǎn)。
(6) 突然襲擊
When the snake strikes, its mouth opens wide.
蛇發(fā)起進(jìn)攻時(shí)，嘴張得很大。
I fear an earthquake will strike this area again. 我擔(dān)心地震會(huì)再次發(fā)生在這一地區(qū)。
(7) 罷工 （也可用做名詞）
I’m sure the bus drivers will strike/ go on strike. 我確信公共汽車(chē)司機(jī)會(huì)罷工。
(8) strike, beat, hit, tap, knock
strike 常表示用力打或敲
hit 有“撞擊，襲擊”之意，比strike稍弱一些，指一次性的打擊或擊中
beat 指連續(xù)多次的打，也指有節(jié)奏的擊打，還可表示打敗
tap 指輕拍
knock 指敲打并伴有響聲，還可表示打倒、撞翻
考題鏈接：
(1) It _____ her how quiet and gentle he was.
A. beat B. hit C. struck D. knock
(2) He sat quietly in the room, listening to the rain ____ against the window.
A. beating B. hitting C. striking D. knocking
答案 C A
分析 第一題表示“使某人忽然意識(shí)到”，用strike; 第二題表示連續(xù)敲打，用beat.
4.感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, find, notice, watch + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)
(1) 感官動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + doing, 表示賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。
We can see parrots flying along the river. 我們可以看到鸚鵡在沿著河邊飛翔。
I can feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感覺(jué)到我的心跳得很快。
(2) 感官動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + do, 表示賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
I saw him cross the street. 我看見(jiàn)他過(guò)了馬路。
I didn’t notice you enter. 我沒(méi)注意你進(jìn)來(lái)了。
(3) 感官動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + done, 表示賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
I found his hands tied to a tree. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的雙手被綁在樹(shù)上。
He saw the girl bitten by the dog. 他看到那個(gè)女孩被狗咬了。
5.fight
(1) vt. 和---作戰(zhàn)
We are fighting pollution now. 我們正在和污染作斗爭(zhēng)。
(2) vi.
fight against 為反對(duì)---而斗爭(zhēng)
The slaves fought against the slavery. 奴隸們?yōu)橥品`制度而戰(zhàn)。
fight for 為（爭(zhēng)取）---而斗爭(zhēng)
He called on the slaves to fight for freedom. 他號(hào)召奴隸們?yōu)樽杂啥鴳?zhàn)。
fight with 同---一起戰(zhàn)斗，與---戰(zhàn)斗
France fought with Germany in that war. 在那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中法國(guó)對(duì)德國(guó)作戰(zhàn)。
fight over 因?yàn)?--而爭(zhēng)吵
The twin sisters always fight over toys. 這對(duì)雙胞胎姐妹經(jīng)常因?yàn)橥婢叨鵂?zhēng)吵。
(3) n. 戰(zhàn)斗，搏斗
This film is about people’s fight for right. 這部電影反映了人民爭(zhēng)取自己權(quán)利的斗爭(zhēng)。
Our country has started a fight against corruption. 我國(guó)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了一場(chǎng)反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)。
(4) fight, war, battle, struggle
fight 意為“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”，指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的動(dòng)作。
They fought back in self-defence. 他們進(jìn)行了自衛(wèi)還擊。
war 指全面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，包含多次。
We experienced two world wars in the last century.
上個(gè)世紀(jì)我們經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。
battle 戰(zhàn)役，指大的、連續(xù)數(shù)小時(shí)數(shù)天的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
the battle of Waterloo 滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役
struggle 指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的激烈的爭(zhēng)斗，常指肉體、精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。
They had to struggle for their freedom. 他們不得不為自由而戰(zhàn)。
The army struggled against Japanese Imperialist. 這部隊(duì)與日本帝國(guó)主義作斗爭(zhēng)。
6.take place, happen, break out
take place 多表示按計(jì)劃或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的事情。
happen 常用詞，有偶然發(fā)生之意。
break out 常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)和疾病的爆發(fā)。
三個(gè)詞組都為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。
He was in French when the Second World War broke out. 二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時(shí)他在法國(guó)。
When did the traffic accident happen? 交通事故是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？
Something strange has happened to the chemistry teacher. 化學(xué)老師出了點(diǎn)奇怪的事情。
When will the sports meet take place? 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)什么時(shí)候舉行？
Great changes have taken place in his hometown since 1980.
從1980年以來(lái)他的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨變。
7.destroy vt. 破壞，毀滅，毀掉
The school was completely destroyed by fire. 學(xué)校被大火徹底燒毀了。
That accident destroyed her ballet career. 那次事故毀掉了她的芭蕾生涯。
destroy 表示徹底毀掉，也可用于抽象意義，可指人或物。
damage 通常指車(chē)輛、房屋、莊稼等無(wú)生命物體受到損傷或毀壞，但往往可以修復(fù)。可用作名詞。
ruin 表示毀壞某種好的或有用的東西。
The chemical rain damages trees in the forests. 酸雨損害了森林中的樹(shù)木。
The precious painting was ruined by spilt milk. 灑出來(lái)的牛奶毀壞了那幅珍貴的畫(huà)。
The storm caused great damage to the crops. 這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴給莊稼造成了很大的損害。
8.award
(1) 可數(shù)名詞，主要指“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)賞，獎(jiǎng)金”，有時(shí)也指“報(bào)酬，工資”。
Meryl Streep won the best actress award. 梅麗爾斯特里普獲最佳女演員獎(jiǎng)。
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍的獎(jiǎng)品是一枚金牌。
The nurses’ pay award was not as much as they had expected.
護(hù)士的工資遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有她們預(yù)想的那么多。
(2) vt. 給予，授予，判給
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.
愛(ài)因斯坦因在量子物理學(xué)方面的成就而被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。
The university awarded her a scholarship. 那所大學(xué)給她發(fā)了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。
(3) priz 主要用于表示“獲得幾等獎(jiǎng)”或“獲獎(jiǎng)金額”，常說(shuō)
win a prize for---
award sb. a prize
reward 可用做名詞或動(dòng)詞，指“報(bào)答，報(bào)償，獎(jiǎng)賞”。
考題鏈接：
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results
答案 A
分析 該句意思為“人們普遍認(rèn)為小孩子學(xué)會(huì)做事是因?yàn)檫@些行為會(huì)帶來(lái)獎(jiǎng)賞/回報(bào)”。
9.owe vt.
(1) 欠（債）
If he has borrowed some money from her, and has not paid her back, he owes her the money.
如果他借了她的錢(qián)沒(méi)歸還，他就欠她錢(qián)。
How much do I owe you? 我欠你多少錢(qián)？
We owe our parents a lot. 我們對(duì)父母感激不盡。
(2) owe sth. to sb. 感激，把---歸功于---
He owes his success to our help. 他把成功歸功于我們的幫助。
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers. 我們深受父母及師長(zhǎng)之恩。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 我現(xiàn)在還活著，應(yīng)該感激你。
(3) owing to 由于，因?yàn)?/p>
Owing to the rain they could not come. 因?yàn)橄掠辏麄儾荒軄?lái)。
Owing to the drought, crops are short. 因?yàn)樘旌担粘刹缓谩?/p>
10.live adj. 活的，生動(dòng)的，精力充沛的，實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的
It wasn’t a recorded show; it was live. 這不是錄像，是實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播。
They gave live broadcast while the performances were in process on the stage.
當(dāng)演出在舞臺(tái)上進(jìn)行時(shí)他們進(jìn)行了實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播。
The concert will be broadcast live. 這次演唱會(huì)將進(jìn)行實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播。
That is a live fish. 那是一條活魚(yú)。
The laboratory is conducting experiments with a dozen live monkeys.
該實(shí)驗(yàn)室在用十多只活猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
She is a live woman. 她是一位精力充沛的女人。
live 當(dāng)“活的”講時(shí)，只修飾動(dòng)物，如a live mouse, a live snake
11.take off
(1) 脫掉，摘掉（反義詞為put on）
I forgot to take off my make-up last night. 我昨天晚上忘了卸妝。
He took off his coat and went to sleep. 他脫下外衣睡覺(jué)了。
(2) (飛機(jī))起飛，起跑
As the plane was taking off, I remembered I didn’t turn the iron off.
飛機(jī)起飛時(shí)，我才想起我沒(méi)有切斷熨斗的電源。
When we went to the airport, the plane had taken off. 我們到機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。
(3) 休假，一般說(shuō)take some time off
I’m taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.
我周四要休假去買(mǎi)一些圣誕禮物。
(4) 開(kāi)始成功，成名
I hear the business is really taking off. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)生意真的開(kāi)始興隆了。
Spielberg’s career really took off when he began to shoot his short films.
斯皮爾伯格開(kāi)始從事短片拍攝時(shí)，他的事業(yè)真正騰飛了。
(5) take in 吸收，理解；收留
take back 使回憶起；追回
take over 接管，接任
take up 開(kāi)始從事；占去（時(shí)間、空間）；拿起（武器）
高考鏈接：
(1)It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old. (福建2004)
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
(2)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
(廣東2004)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
答案
(1) C hand sth. over to sb. “把---傳給某人”
(2) A take up “占用時(shí)間”
12.
go wrong “變壞，變得糟糕，出錯(cuò)”，go 用做聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，表示狀況由好變壞。
go bad 變壞，變腐爛
go hungry 挨餓
go mad 發(fā)瘋
The computer went wrong. 電腦壞了。
Fish goes bad in hot weather. 熱天魚(yú)很快腐爛。
He has gone deaf. 他變聾了。
13.
think highly/well/much of 對(duì)---評(píng)價(jià)很高
think ill/badly/poorly/little of 對(duì)---評(píng)價(jià)不好
Premier Zhou was highly thought of in China. 周總理在中國(guó)深受好評(píng)。
Not all the teachers are well thought of by the students. 學(xué)生不是對(duì)所有老師印象都好。
highly, high 都可用作副詞，high表示具體的高度，highly表示引申含義，“高度地”。類(lèi)似表達(dá)還有wide/widely, deep/deeply, close/closely。
He jumped very high. 他跳得很高。
We all speak highly of Mr. Smith. 我們對(duì)史密斯先生評(píng)價(jià)很高。
Open your mouth wide. 把嘴張大。
English is widely used in the world. 英語(yǔ)在世界上被廣泛使用。
He dived deep into the sea. 他潛到海里很深的地方。
They were deeply moved when hearing this. 聽(tīng)到這些，他們被深深地感動(dòng)了。
14.manner
(1) 禮貌，規(guī)矩，用復(fù)數(shù)manners
It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃著東西是很不禮貌的。
Mind your manners. 注意禮貌。
(2) 態(tài)度，舉止，用作不可數(shù)名詞。
His manner shows his honesty. 他的態(tài)度表明了他的誠(chéng)實(shí)。
Though ugly in appearance, he is soft in manner. 雖然他的相貌丑陋，但舉止很溫柔。
(3) 手段，方法，用作可數(shù)名詞。
He told the story in a frightening manner. 他以嚇人的方式講故事。
Do it in this manner. 用這種方式來(lái)做。
15.interrupt vt. vi.
(1) 打斷，插嘴
It’s not polite to interrupt a speaker. 打斷別人說(shuō)話是不禮貌的。
Don’t interrupt; let him go on speaking. 別插嘴，讓他繼續(xù)說(shuō)。
(2) 阻止，中斷
I interrupt my work to watch TV. 我停下手里的活去看電視。
The war interrupted the trade between the two countries. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中斷了兩國(guó)間的貿(mào)易。
16.impression n. 印象
get an impression 得到某印象
have/make a good impression on sb. 給某人留下好印象
be under the impression that 覺(jué)得，以為
What were your first impressions of Beijing? 你對(duì)北京的第一印象如何？
The book left/made a deep impression on him. 這本書(shū)給他留下了深刻的印象。
What he said gave her a bad impression. 他的話給它留下了惡劣的印象。
Everybody had the impression that she was a good match for the young man.
每個(gè)人都覺(jué)得她和那個(gè)年輕人是天生的一對(duì)。
17.mean vt.
(1) 意味著
Life to him means struggle. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)生活意味著斗爭(zhēng)。
His words means a lot to me. 他的話對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)意味著許多。
What do you mean by saying this? 你說(shuō)這話是什么意思？
Nodding the head means agreement. 點(diǎn)頭就是同意。
(2) mean to do 打算做某事
What do you mean to do next? 下一步你打算做什么？
I mean to write a letter to my girlfriend. 我打算給我的女朋友寫(xiě)封信。
I know I have hurt her feelings, but I didn’t mean to.
我知道我傷害了她，但這不是我的本意。
I had meant to apologize to him, but I changed my mind.
我本打算向他道歉，但又改變了主意。
(3) mean doing 意味著---
Her smile means being happy. 她的微笑意味著正高興。
Waving the hand means saying goodbye. 揮手意味著道別。
If it means delaying one more week, I will not wait.
如果這意味著拖延一個(gè)星期，我就不等了。
(4) mean sb. to do 打算要某人做---
I mean you to repair my bike. 我打算要你給我修自行車(chē)。
I had meant you to get up early, but you got up late.
我本打算要你早起，但你起晚了。
He meant his son to succeed. 他要他的兒子成功。
(5) means n. 手段，方法；工具（單復(fù)數(shù)同形）
a means of transportation 交通工具
a means of communication 通訊方式
by all means 無(wú)論如何，務(wù)必
by means of 借助---
by this means 通過(guò)這種方式
They tried all possible means. 他們嘗試過(guò)一切可能的方式。
There is/are no means of getting there. 沒(méi)有辦法可以到達(dá)那里。
Finish it by all means. 無(wú)論如何都要完成它。
Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music. 思想也可借助音樂(lè)表達(dá)。
We’ll be connected with that factory by this means. 我們將用這種方式與那個(gè)工廠聯(lián)系。
18.must 表推測(cè)
(1) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的推測(cè)，用 must be/do sth.
對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)，用must have done
He must be over 70 now. 他現(xiàn)在肯定有70多歲了。
He knows something about Beijing. I think he must have been there.
他對(duì)北京有所了解，我想他一定去過(guò)那兒。
(2) 表推測(cè)否定形式為 can’t do, can’t/couldn’t have done。
He can’t be from America, for his English is not good at all.
他不可能是從美國(guó)來(lái)的，因?yàn)樗挠⒄Z(yǔ)一點(diǎn)也不好。
He can’t have bought this book, for he is reading mine.
他不可能買(mǎi)了這本書(shū)，因?yàn)樗诳次业摹?/p>
(3) 含must表推測(cè)的句子，反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)Q定。
He must be Mr. Chen, isn’t he?
(去掉must后的陳述句為：He is Mr. Chen.)
He must have stayed at home yesterday, didn’t he?
(還原為: He stayed at home yesterday.)
You must have met him before, haven’t you?
（還原為：You have met him before.）
高考鏈接：
(1) ---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
---Oh, he ____ have been a very smart student. (NMET 2004)
A. could B. should C. might D. must
答案：D
分析：對(duì)過(guò)去情況的肯定推測(cè)，用must have done。
(2) He ____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京2005)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
答案：B
分析： 同上題。
(3) I _____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案：B
分析：對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè)用 can’t/couldn’t have done。
19.introduce vt.
(1) 介紹
Let me introduce myself first. 先讓我作一下自我介紹。
May I introduce you to Mr. Brown? 讓我介紹你跟布郎先生認(rèn)識(shí)好嗎？
(2) 引進(jìn)，提出
They introduced the idea that children could learn to read as babies.
他們提出在嬰兒階段就可教小孩認(rèn)字這個(gè)想法。
Who introduced the bad idea? 誰(shuí)提出的這個(gè)糟糕的想法？
They introduced a topic for discussion. 他們提出議題供討論。
(3) （以---）開(kāi)始
I introduced my class with a funny story. 我以一個(gè)有趣的故事開(kāi)始我的課。
What did he introduce the program with? 他以什么開(kāi)始節(jié)目的？
Relative pronouns introduce adjective clauses. 關(guān)系代詞引出定語(yǔ)從句。
(4) 使認(rèn)識(shí)，使知道
Tom introduced me to jazz. 湯姆使我了解了爵士樂(lè)。
Watching TV programs introduced me to this play.
看電視使我了解了這個(gè)戲劇。
20.否定前綴
(1) in-
indirect adj. 間接的
inability n. 無(wú)能力
inaction n. 無(wú)行動(dòng)
(2) un-
unhappy 不高興的 unlike 不像的
uncomfortable 不舒服的 uncommon 不常見(jiàn)的
unable 不能的 uncertain 不確定的
unafraid 不害怕的
(3) dis-
disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜歡 disabled 殘廢的
(4) im-
impossible 不可能的 improbable 不大可能的 impolite 沒(méi)禮貌的
(5) non-
nonstop 不停的 non-smoker 不吸煙者
否定前綴詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分通常仍用否定形式。
He disagrees to my plan, doesn’t he? 他不同意我的計(jì)劃，是嗎？
Tom is unlike his mother, isn’t he? 湯姆不象他媽媽?zhuān)菃幔?/p>
21.fashion n. 流行，時(shí)髦，時(shí)尚
a fashion show 時(shí)裝表演
set a/the fashion 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)潮流
follow the fashion 趕時(shí)髦
come into fashion 流行起來(lái)
go out of fashion 漸漸過(guò)時(shí)
be in fashion 正流行
be out of fashion 不再流行
Wide trousers are the latest fashion. 寬腿褲是最新流行的款式。
She arranged flowers in/after her own fashion. 她以自己的方式插花。
Fashions for men’s clothes change less frequently than fashions for women’s clothes.
男裝的式樣不如女裝的式樣變化多。
When did that style of dress come into/go out of fashion?
那種衣服的樣式什么時(shí)候流行/不流行？
* fashionable adj. 時(shí)髦的，流行的
a fashionable dressmaker 有錢(qián)人光顧的裁縫
a fashionable summer resort 時(shí)髦的避暑勝地
22.besides
(1) prep. 除了---之外還有---
There were three more visitors besides me. 除我之外，還有三位訪客。
Besides being a scholar, he was a famous writer. 他除了是位學(xué)者，還是位有名的作家。
Do you have any other books besides these?
除了這些書(shū)，你還有沒(méi)有其它的呢？
(2) 除了---之外（不再有），用于否定句，相當(dāng)于except.
Nobody knows the truth besides him. 除他之外沒(méi)有人知道真相。
(3) adv. 而且，此外
She is still young and beautiful besides. 她仍然年輕而且漂亮。
It is too late to go now. Besides, it is beginning to rain.
現(xiàn)在出去太晚了，而且開(kāi)始下雨了。
同步練習(xí)：
一、單項(xiàng)選擇：
1.The roof fell _____ he had time to rush out.
A. until B. before C. when D. since
2.We walked as fast as we could, _____ to catch the early train.
A. hoped B. having hoped C. for hoping D. hoping
3.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _____ an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
4.---We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
---What do you think _____ to her?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened
5.Beyond _____ stars, the astronauts saw nothing but _____ space.
A. the, / B. /, the C. /, / D. the, the
6.---Why haven’t you bought any butter?
---I ____ to, but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
7.---I must apologize ____ you know ahead of time.
---That’s all right.
A. for letting not B. for not letting C. to let D. not to let
8.Won’t you shut up? I think you ______.
A. were going too far B. had done wrong
C. did wrong D. are going too far
9.Hurry up! The train ______. You know it _____ at 8:30 am.
A. leaves, leaves B. is leaving, leaves
C. leaves, is leaving D. is leaving, is leaving
10.---Have a nice weekend!
---______.
A. The same to you
B. You do too
C. The same as you
D. You have it too
11.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
12.We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. It might be valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep C. turn to D. look after
13.He was so ____ when he saw a _____ snake that he jumped _____.
A. frightened, frightened, in fright
B. frightened, frightening, with fright
C. frightening, frightening, in fright
D. frightening, frightened, with fright
14.The factory is ______ new techniques from abroad this year.
A. borrowing B. buying C. bringing D. introducing
15.---Let me introduce myself. I’m Robert.
---_____.
A. What a pleasure
B. It’s a pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I’m very pleased
二、單詞拼寫(xiě)：
1.He was _________(營(yíng)救) from imprisonment.
2.He had several __________(機(jī)會(huì)) to go abroad but her never took them.
3.They have done much to ________(推進(jìn)) the cause of peace in the world.
4.I’ll _______(討論) this question with my friend.
5.He was ________(授予，頒發(fā)) the prize for being the fastest runner.
6.We were late, _______(因?yàn)? to the snow.
7.I can’t ________(花得起) time to go traveling.
8.I _______(收到) an invitation, but I didn’t accept it.
9.The cat was playing with a ______(活的) mouse.
10.It’s bad _______(禮貌，禮儀) to leave without saying goodbye.
11.Don’t ______(打擾) me while I’m busy.
12.His first speech as president made a strong ______(印象) on his audience.
13.Social _______(風(fēng)俗) vary greatly from country to country.
14.The teacher has just ______(介紹) the new pupil to the rest of the class.
15.He _______(拆開(kāi)) the letter and began to read it.
三、書(shū)面表達(dá)：
寫(xiě)一篇100字左右的報(bào)道，報(bào)道一次火災(zāi)事故。
起火時(shí)間：2004年2月15日上午11點(diǎn)20分。
起火地點(diǎn)：吉林省吉林市中百商廈。
起火原因：一員工將點(diǎn)燃的香煙掉落在庫(kù)房，引燃地上紙屑。
持續(xù)時(shí)間：至15點(diǎn)40分將火撲滅。
傷亡情況：死亡54人，受傷70人。
50多輛消防車(chē)和260多名消防官兵參加滅火，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失巨大。
答案與分析：
一、
1.B 由題意“他還沒(méi)來(lái)得及跑出來(lái)，房頂就塌了”可知rush out 前就fell 了。
2.D 本題為doing做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，由題意“我們盡快趕路以期趕上早班車(chē)”可知hope動(dòng)作與walk動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
3.A 題意為“幸運(yùn)的是，子彈差一英尺沒(méi)有射中上尉”，介詞by可以和表示尺寸、距離、時(shí)間等的數(shù)量詞連用，表示相差多少距離或增減的程度。
4.C 本題中do you think為插入語(yǔ)，去掉后就是what has happened to her?
5.A space作“太空”解時(shí)，前面通常不加冠詞，stars是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表泛指時(shí)，前不加冠詞，表特指時(shí)，前加the.
6.C 本題通過(guò)語(yǔ)境考查詞義辨析，mean to do表示打算做，meant to do 常表示本打算做卻沒(méi)有做。
7.B apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.， doing 的否定形式為not doing。
8.D 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知說(shuō)話者是指說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，并含有不滿(mǎn)的情緒，因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，意思為“你跑題了”。
9.B 第一空用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，第二空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按時(shí)間表安排的動(dòng)作。
10.A 回答表示祝愿的交際用語(yǔ)時(shí)用the same to you .
11.A stand close to sb. 靠近某人站著，closely常表示抽象含義，意為“密切地，接近地”。
12.A hold on to意為“留著不賣(mài)，不放棄”。
13.B 表示“由于某事而害怕”用frightened, 表示“令人害怕的”用frightening, in fright “驚恐地”，with fright “由于害怕”。
14.D introduce表示“引進(jìn)，采用”，短語(yǔ)可用bring in.
15.C 在別人初次作自我介紹后，一般以Pleased/Glad to meet/see you等作答。
二、
1.rescued 2.opportunities 3.advance 4.discuss 5.awarded
6.owing 7.afford 8.received 9.live 10.manners
11.disturb 12.impression 13.customs 14.introduced 15.unfolded
三、
（1）確定時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)
（2）新聞報(bào)道的開(kāi)頭應(yīng)先用一兩句話講明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及事件。
（3）注意換用不同句式表達(dá)，以避免重復(fù)。
A Fire Accident
A big fire broke out in Zhongbai Department Store of Jilin City of Jilin Province on February 15th,2004.
The fire started at 11:20 in the morning and lasted more than four hours before it was at last put out at 3:40pm by 260 firemen as well as 50 fire engines. Fifty-four people were killed and more than seventy got injured in the fire. And the damage was uncountable. It is said that a worker dropped a burning cigarette end on the floor of the warehouse, which caused the fire to spread.