The water planet
Tasks which should be achieved in this unit:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of water and the ocean.
b. Learn how to make suggestions and how to express opinions.
The water is being used to /for….
We should/ could….
If we …, we can ….
It would be better to …
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
benefit, disadvantage, range, available, pure, mass, float, absorb, stable, bottom;
d. Useful expressions:
benefit from, range from … to…., all the way, be made up of, that is, freezing point, break down, mix with, be measured in…, take advantage of…, keep … steady, manage to do.
e. Grammar:
Review Modal Verbs.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t 等的用法。
1) can /could
Jin can speak English well. (ability)
Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? (request)
2) may /might
May we see the awards for the teams? (permission; request)
She might give you some new clothing. (possibility)
3) will /would
The Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner. (promise; agreement)
Often he would dress up like a rich man. (past habit; custom)
4) shall /should
The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends. (promise; agreement)
You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes. (advice)
5) must /can’t
Wang Feng wins an award every year. He must be very strong (speculation)
You must be joking. That can’t be true. (guessing)
Teaching procedure:
Period 1.
Contents: Warming up & reading comprehension
Step 1.Warming up
Aim: Make students get to know something about water.
Step 2. Pre-reading
1.Show some pictures of making electricity, irritating in agriculture, transport by ships, etc,.
2.group work:
How is the water being used?
Step 3. While-reading
1.Scanning: Ss read scan the bold words in the passage and understand the structure of the passage.
How many parts are there in the passage?
2.Ss read and get the main ideas of each part.
Part 1(para1): the properties of water;
Part2(Para2): chemical structure of water---H2O
Part3(Para3): salinity----- the percentage of salt.
Part4(Para4): Density
Part5(Para5): heat capacity
Part6(Para6-7) Ocean motion
Step 4. After-reading
Finish the post-reading Ex on P21.
Step 5. Assignment
1. surf the internet and get more information about water and ocean using search engines like yahoo or baidu. ( or just input the key words like Jules Verne into the address column of IE)
2. discussion:
What will you prepare for writing an explanation of corals?
After discussion, work out an outline.
Period 2.
Contents: difficulties in the passage.
Step 1. Warming up
Ask some Ss to present their homework.
Step 2. Learning about the language:
Play the tape for students to follow.
Teacher explain some language points in the text on page 19--20.
1.Who benefits from using water in this way?
Benefit…from/ by…
This song reminds me of France.
Remind me to answer the letter.
I reminded her that the book would cost her much.
2. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way to giant like sharks and whales.
Range from… to…/ range between …. And…. 意為“從。。。。到。。。不等；在一定的范圍內(nèi)變化”，例如：
Temperatures here range from 10 to 30 degrees centigrade.
Prices range between ￡7 and ￡10.
His interests ranged from chess to canoeing.
3. The two hydrogen atoms form a polar molecule, that is, one with a slightly positive end and one with a slightly negative end.
That is 用作插入8，意為“那就是，即”
My birthday is a week later, that is, March 1st.
John is a New Yorker, that is , he lives in New York.
4. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures.
Whatever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作賓語。
Tell me whatever is troubling you.
She is always succeeds in whatever she tries.
5. Marine animals and plants take advantage of the density of water.
Take advantage of “利用，欺騙”
Taking advantage of his friends, Mr. Li was scolded.
He always takes advantage of mistakes made by others.
Step 3. Practice
Ss finish on page 14 by themselves and then check the answers.
Step 4. Assignment
1. Learn the useful expressions by heart.
2. Finish Ex1 –3 on page 96-97 on WB
3. read the whole passage aloud.
Period 3.
Contents: Grammar; talking and speaking
Step 1. Revision
Check the answers of Ex 1 – 3 on page 96-97.
Step 2. Review Modal Verbs.
1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征
1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。
4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。
2. 比較can 和be able to
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （過去時(shí)用could）, 只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式（could）。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情況：
a. 位于助動(dòng)詞后。
b. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。
c. 表示過去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之前逃離歐洲。
注意：could有時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)
1）提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
--- Could I have the television on? 我能看電視嗎？
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。
3. 比較may和might
1）表示允許或請(qǐng)求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意：might 表示推測時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)，只是可能性比may 小。
2）成語：may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。例如：
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情況確實(shí)如此，我們不妨試一試。
典型例題
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可從后半句推出。
4. 比較have to和must
1）兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要，must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來。（客觀上需要做這件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）
2）have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。例如：
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顧他姐姐。
3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don't have to表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把這件事告訴他。
5. must表示推測
1）must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。
2）must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí)，must 后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be 的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。例如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較：He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必須呆在那。
3）must 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí)，must 要接完成式。例如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4）must表示對(duì)過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。例如：
---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 為何不接我的電話？
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡覺，所以沒有聽見。
5）否定推測用can't。例如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。
6. 表示推測的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：
1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。例如：
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪兒，可能在武漢。
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。例如：
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 這時(shí)，想必我們老師正在批改試卷。
3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過去情況的推測。例如：
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示對(duì)過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。例如：
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹?/p>
注意：could, might表示推測時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其推測的程度不如can, may。
7. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have +過去分詞
1）may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示過去，推測過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。例如：
Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在車禍中受了重傷。
Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2）must have +done sth，對(duì)過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強(qiáng)，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。例如：
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳達(dá)已經(jīng)去上班了，但她的單車還在這兒。
---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。
3）ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。例如：
You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你當(dāng)時(shí)在做試驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)該更仔細(xì)點(diǎn)。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服扔了。（事實(shí)上已扔了。）
ought to 在語氣上比should 要強(qiáng)。
4）needn't have done sth表示本沒必要做某事，但做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行時(shí)，我衣服穿得較多，其實(shí)沒有必要。那時(shí)天很熱。
5）would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但沒做。例如：
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想讀這篇文章，但太忙了一直沒讀。
8. should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，兩者還可表示"想必一定，按理應(yīng)該"的意思。例如：
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能維持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 現(xiàn)在他們該到那兒了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 詩集估計(jì)最多還有一個(gè)月就要出版了。
9. had better表示"最好"，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。例如：
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相當(dāng)冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那條狗。
had better have done sth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來最好"。例如：
You had better have come earlier. 你本該來得早一點(diǎn)。
10. would rather表示"寧愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 寧愿…而不愿。
還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。例如：
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有選擇的余地，我寧可輟學(xué)離開這個(gè)學(xué)校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我寧愿呆在這兒，而不愿回家。
典型例題
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為"寧愿"，本題為疑問句，would 提前，所以選B。
11. will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。例如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一塊去嗎？
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含義的請(qǐng)求勸說時(shí)，疑問句中一般
用some, 而不是any。例如：
Would you like some cake? 吃點(diǎn)蛋糕吧。
3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。
Won't you sit down? 你不坐下嗎？
12. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式
問句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No, I needn't
Must you…? No, I don't have to.
典型例題
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C. could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時(shí)態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時(shí)，用can和 may來表達(dá)，不能用could或might。will 與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用，用來提出勸告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 將不, 不會(huì)的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不應(yīng)該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應(yīng)用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表請(qǐng)求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表"意愿、意志、決心"，本題表示決心，選B。
13. 帶to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
帶to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，為六個(gè)。它們的疑問、否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，變疑問，否定時(shí)，須有do 等助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助。
典型例題
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句為過去時(shí)，告訴秘密的動(dòng)作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，但它在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ought to 后，所以用have told。
14. 比較need和dare
這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。need 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 后面的to 時(shí)常可以被省略。
1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not。例如：
Need you go yet? 你要走了嗎？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急著走。
2. Ss do the grammar ex. On p21-22 to see if they can use the modal verbs correctly.
3. More exercises to consolidate the Grammar.
.EX1-2 on page 98-99 of WB.
Step 3. Talking
1. Ss four in one group and have a discussion about the topics on page 96.
2. Ss make notes during the discussion, and try to report the topic to the whole class.
Step 4. Speaking
Learn how to make suggestions and how to express opinions.
The water is being used to /for….
We should/ could….
If we …, we can ….
It would be better to …
5. Assignment
Writing on page 94.
Period 4.
Contents: Integrating skills:
Step 1. Warming up
Ask Ss to scan the passage and raise some questions:
Explain some difficulties if necessary:
Step 2. Reading
1. Ss read the passage :
2. Help Ss to understand the passage entirely.
Step 3. Writing
Finish the writing task on p 24.
You can give Ss some strategies for writing a short essay, or give them an outline if necessary.
Period 5.
(Listening)
Step 1. Listening
1. Ss finish the listening task on page 18.
2. Ss listen to the tape again and check the answers.
Step 2. dealing with the Ex 1-4 on p 95 of Workbook.
Step 3. Listening skills
Give the students some tips on how to improve listening while checking the Ex.
a. make notes while listening;
b. grasp the most important information;
c. take some notes while listening.
Step 4. listen and reading:
First listen and then read the passage on p99.
Period 6.
Revision:
Go over the important points in this unit once again, and give Ss some additional reading materials if possible.
Period 7.
Teachers can use this period freely.
Suggestion: Teachers can use this period to let Ss sum up what they have learned and explain what Ss couldn’t understand very well in this unit. Teachers can also add more practice in this period to consolidate what the Ss have learned. Finally, ask the Ss to finish Assessing on page 101. It is very important to improve their learning and let them have a sense of achieving gradually.