Warming up
1. Make a/no/some difference 有作用，關(guān)系，影響
The rain didn’t make much difference to the game. 這場(chǎng)雨對(duì)比賽沒(méi)多大影響。
Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not. 你能否得到工作與你的年齡無(wú)關(guān)。
Changing schools made a big difference to my life. 轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)對(duì)我的一生有重大影響。
I don’t think it makes a lot of difference what color it is. 我認(rèn)為顏色無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
2. undertake(undertook，undertaken) vt．承擔(dān) ，從事，負(fù)責(zé)；（允諾，答應(yīng) undertake to do ）
例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．他欣然承擔(dān)那項(xiàng)困難的工作。
1 will undertake the responsibility for you．我會(huì)為你負(fù)起責(zé)任。
He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答應(yīng)星期五或之前完成這項(xiàng)工作。
Speaking
3. There is no doubt that． 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) ．．
例：There is no doubt that our team will win．我隊(duì)獲勝是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。
I don't doubt that we will win the game．(否定句用that)我不懷疑我們將會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。
Do you doubt that he has passed the final examination ? (疑問(wèn)句用that)你懷疑他已通過(guò)期末考試了嗎?
I doubt whether he is the best man for the job．(肯定句用whether)我懷疑他是否是擔(dān)任那項(xiàng)工作的最適當(dāng)人選。
Reading
4. imagine 用法 (imagine (sb) doing, imagine that …. )
5. promising (形) 有希望的，有前途的，前途光明的
例：a promising actress有前途的女演員
6. give up
7. dream of /about /that
8. hope for / to do /that
9. There didn't seem much point in working on my PhD-I didn't expect to survive that long
取得博士學(xué)位對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有什么意義，我沒(méi)有期望活那么久。
1）PhD(Doctor of Philosophy ) 指“博士學(xué)位”
2）There is no point in doing sth．表示“做某事沒(méi)有作用或沒(méi)有意義”。
例：There is no point in arguing further． 繼續(xù)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)下去沒(méi)有意義了。
There is no point in protesting．It won’t help much．抗議沒(méi)有什么用處，于事無(wú)補(bǔ)。
Expect 預(yù)料，預(yù)計(jì)，期待，盼望；期望 常用搭配：expect (sb) to do, expect that
3）Survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，挺過(guò)，艱難度過(guò)
She was the last surviving member of the family. 她是這家人中僅存的一員。
Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 因車禍?zhǔn)軅?人中， 只有2人幸存。
The company managed to survive the crisis. 公司設(shè)法度過(guò)了危機(jī)。
Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter. 許多鳥(niǎo)死于這次嚴(yán)冬。
4）that在此處為副詞，意為“那么”，可以修飾形容詞。
例：I didn't expect he was that rude． 我沒(méi)料到他會(huì)那么粗魯。
10. In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl，Jan Wilde．事實(shí)上，事情發(fā)展得還挺順利。我和一位非常好的女孩簡(jiǎn)懷爾得訂婚了。
get／be engaged to sb．“與某人訂婚”
Did you hear they have got engaged last month? 你有沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們上個(gè)月訂婚的消息?
Be engaged in(on)+n．／doing sth．從事(工作)的，忙于……的
例：She was engaged in protecting wild birds．她從事保護(hù)野生鳥(niǎo)類的工作。
He is now engaged on his second novel. 他正埋頭寫(xiě)他的第二部小說(shuō)。
be engaged (電話等)通話中的，占線中的，相當(dāng)于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的busy．
例：The line／number is engaged。線路被占用。
engagement n．訂婚(to)
例：announce one's engagement to…宣布與…訂婚
break off one's engagement解除婚約，解約
engagement ring訂婚戒指(戴在左手無(wú)名指上)
11. Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe．從那時(shí)起，霍金就繼續(xù)尋求關(guān)于宇宙特征的問(wèn)題的答案。
seek+(for after)+名詞 搜尋，尋找；尋求，探求；追求
例：They sought shelter from the rain．他們找尋避雨的地方。
He found it worthless to seek fame．他發(fā)現(xiàn)追求名聲是不值得的。
We must seek (for) a solution to the problem 我們必須尋求解決問(wèn)題的方法。
Seek to do 試圖，設(shè)法
They quickly sought to distance themselves from the protester. 他們迅速設(shè)法遠(yuǎn)離抗議者。
12. Scientists，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong．
霍金寫(xiě)到，從另一個(gè)方面說(shuō)，科學(xué)家知道他們的工作是永無(wú)止境的，即使是最完美的理論，也可能是錯(cuò)誤的。
Turn out to be“結(jié)果是”“最后的情況是”+副／+形／+to do／+that．．
The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely．天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)今天下午有雨，其實(shí)今天天氣非常好。
Despite our worries everything turned out well. 盡管我們很擔(dān)心， 一切都很順利。
The lecture turned out to be very dull．講座結(jié)果很無(wú)聊。
The rumor turned out (to be) true．那謠言后來(lái)證明是真的。
It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed 后來(lái)證實(shí)(查明)有兩位旅客喪生。
turn out vt. (可分開(kāi)用 ) 生產(chǎn) (產(chǎn)品)，出產(chǎn)
The factory can turn out l000cars a day． 這家工廠一天能生產(chǎn)1000輛汽車。
13. observe vt.觀察，看到，注意到
She has observed the stars all her life. 她一生觀察星體。
They observed the thief stealing /steal the money. 他們看見(jiàn)這個(gè)小偷偷了錢(qián)。（observe sb do /doing sth.）
vt. 遵守（規(guī)則，法律等）
language study
14. use sth up 用光
Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables. 把剩下的蔬菜全部用來(lái)做湯是個(gè)好主意。
Integrating skills
15. Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference．
每個(gè)人都有自己的專長(zhǎng)和興趣，只有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的專長(zhǎng)，我們才能期望達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)，真正與眾不同。
Only修飾介詞短語(yǔ)或從句時(shí)，要求倒裝。
例：Only at that time did I realize its importance． 直到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到它的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English study． 只有這樣你才能在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)上取得進(jìn)步。
Only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常置于主語(yǔ)之前。
例：Only you understand me．只有你了解我。
Only修飾主語(yǔ)以外時(shí)，通常置于動(dòng)詞之前(有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則置于其后)
例：She only eats vegetables．她只吃蔬菜。
I only lent you the money．那筆錢(qián)我只是借給你(不是給你)。
He only works when he’s got homework． 他只在有家庭作業(yè)時(shí)才做功課。
I’ve only seen him once． 我只見(jiàn)過(guò)他一次。
語(yǔ)法：不定式易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1） 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。
例如： She could do nothing but cry．她只會(huì)哭了。
I have no choice but to go．我不得不走。
2）作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：
He is looking for a room to live in ． 他在找一個(gè)房間住。
There is nothing to worry about． 無(wú)什么可擔(dān)心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with． 請(qǐng)給我把刀子來(lái)切東西。
3）當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其意義有所不同。試比較：
A)Have you anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you)
B)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?(不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
4）不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door? 你有開(kāi)門(mén)的鑰匙嗎?
5）不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。
I have got a letter to write． 我有封信要寫(xiě)。
He needs a room to live in． 他需要間屋子住。
6）不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for one或for people．例如：
He is hard to talk to．很難跟他交談。
The book is difficult to understand．這本書(shū)很難懂。
但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的受事者時(shí)，亦可用不定式被動(dòng)句。例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read． 這字太難認(rèn)讀了。
The box is to heavy to be lifted． 這箱子太重舉不起來(lái)。
7）在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如果說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。
There is a lot of work to do． (Somebody has to do the work．)
There is a lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done．)
請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的：
There is nothing to do．意為無(wú)事可做，感到十分乏味。
There is nothing to be done．意為某東西壞了，無(wú)法使之恢復(fù)正常。
Unit 1 知識(shí)清單
Warming up
1. Make a/no/some difference 意義是什么？
The rain didn’t make much difference to the game.
Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
Changing schools made a big difference to my life.
I don’t think it makes a lot of difference what color it is.
2. undertake過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式是什么？?jī)蓚�(gè)常用意思是什么？
例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．
1 will undertake the responsibility for you．
He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
3. There is no doubt（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) ．．） 后面的同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞是什么？．
There is no doubt_______ our team will win．我隊(duì)獲勝是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。
I don't doubt_______we will win the game．(否定句用_______)我不懷疑我們將會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。
Do you doubt_______ he has passed the final examination ? (疑問(wèn)句用that)你懷疑他已通過(guò)期末考試了嗎?
I doubt_______ he is the best man for the job．(肯定句用_______)我懷疑他是否是擔(dān)任那項(xiàng)工作的最適當(dāng)人選。
Reading
4. imagine 用法是什么？
5. promising (形) 是什么意思？
例：a promising actress
6. give up是什么意思？
7. dream 常用搭配有哪些？
8. hope for / to do /that 分別是什么意思？
9。 PhD(Doctor of Philosophy ) 指“__________”
10. There is no point in doing sth．表示“__________”。
例：There is no point in arguing further．
There is no point in protesting．It won’t help much．
11. Expect 有哪些意思？ 常用搭配有哪些？
12. Survive vi. ________ vt. _________________
She was the last surviving member of the family.
Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
The company managed to survive the crisis.
Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.
13. There didn't seem much point in working on my PhD-I didn't expect to survive that long 這里that 用法是什么？
14. get／be engaged to sb．意思是“_____________”； 而 Be engaged in(on)+n．／doing sth．意思是_____________________.
Did you hear they have got engaged last month?
例：She was engaged in protecting wild birds．
He is now engaged on his second novel.
be engaged (電話等________________，相當(dāng)于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的busy．
engagement n． (to) 是什么意思？
例：announce one's engagement to; break off one's engagement; engagement ring
15. seek+(for after)+名詞 意思是什么？
例：They sought shelter from the rain．
He found it worthless to seek fame．
We must seek (for) a solution to the problem
Seek to do 意思是什么？
They quickly sought to distance themselves from the protester. 他們迅速設(shè)法遠(yuǎn)離抗議者。
16. Turn out to be+副／+形／+to do／+that．．是什么意思？
The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely．
Despite our worries everything turned out well.
The lecture turned out to be very dull．
The rumor turned out (to be) true．
It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed
turn out vt. 還有什么意思？
The factory can turn out l000cars a day． 這家工廠一天能生產(chǎn)1000輛汽車。
17. observe vt. 意思是_____________ 作為感官動(dòng)詞常用的搭配是_________
She has observed the stars all her life.
They observed the thief stealing /steal the money.
vt. ______________ 如：observe the law
18. use sth up 意思是___________
Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables.
19. only 在句子中的位置一般在哪里？另外，只要在句首就倒裝嗎？
20. 語(yǔ)法：不定式易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1） 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except后面時(shí)，要注意哪些問(wèn)題？
例如： She could do nothing but cry．
I have no choice but to go．
2）研究以下例句，說(shuō)出做定語(yǔ)的不定式需要注意的問(wèn)題。
He is looking for a room to live in ． 他在找一個(gè)房間住。
There is nothing to worry about． 無(wú)什么可擔(dān)心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with． 請(qǐng)給我把刀子來(lái)切東西。
3）試比較下面的例句，它們?cè)谝饬x上有什么區(qū)別？
A)Have you anything to send?
B)Have you anything to be sent?
4）不定式修飾的名詞或代詞經(jīng)常用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式？
如：Have you got a key to unlock the door?
I have got a letter to write．
He needs a room to live in．
6）不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式？
如： He is hard to______．A talk to B be talked with 很難跟他交談。
The book is difficult to． A understand B be understood 這本書(shū)很難懂。
7）在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，to do 做定語(yǔ)要注意些什么？
There is a lot of work to do． (Somebody has to do the work．)
There is a lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done．)
請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的：
There is nothing to do．
There is nothing to be done．