I. Words and expressions:
1. experiment n. ＆ vi.
(!) n. 實(shí)驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)
do/ carry out/ perform/ make/ try an experiment
learn by experiment 通過試驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)
for experiment 供試驗(yàn)
an experiment report 實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告
（2）vi. 進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)
experiment on /upon sb./ sth. 用……做實(shí)驗(yàn)
experiment in sth. 做某方面的實(shí)驗(yàn)
2. advantage n. 優(yōu)勢，長處，有利條件
e.g. Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage.
One of the advantage of this method is that it saves a lot of time.
※ take advantage of 利用；欺騙
e.g. You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence.
The shopkeeper took advantage of the customers.
3. comfort n.＆ v.
n. 舒適，安慰
His kind words gave me comfort.
This new type of car brings people more comfort.
vt. 安慰
She came up the to child and comforted him.
adj. comfortable 舒服的
4. successful adj.成功的
success n. succeed v. successfully adv.
e.g. The experiment is very successful.
Wish you success!
He succeeded finishing the task.
They held the sports meeting successfully.
5. conduct v. ＆ n.
6. charge
7. shock n. ＆v.
n. 電擊，打擊，震動(dòng)
An electric shock can kill you.
It was a great shock for him when his wife died.
vt. 使……震驚
I was shocked when I heard about your accident.
The accident shocked the whole world.
8. a great deal of 大量的
只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的：a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few
只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little
既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, a good supply of
9. prove vt.
10. tear vt. ＆ v. (tore, torn)
(1) 眼淚
Tears rolled down her cheeks.
The little girl was in tears for she couldn’t find her mother.
(2) 撕扯，撕裂
He tore the letter after he read it.
The magician tore up a 5-pound note and then made it whole again.
The material tears easily, so be careful when you wear it.
11. control n. ＆ v. 控制
The machine is controlled by this button.
Try to control yourself no matter what you see.
※ in control of 控制住，管理
out of control 失去控制
under control 被控制住，狀態(tài)良好
under the control of 受……的控制
lose control of 失去對……的控制
12. fasten vt. 拴，系，綁，捆
Have you fastened all the doors and windows?
Fasten your seat belts!
※ fasten … to… 把……拴在……上
He fastened his bag to the bike.
A horse was fastened to a tree.
13. sense n. 感覺，意識(shí)，常識(shí)，意義
The five senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
He has a poor sense of direction.
I have no sense of business.
※ there is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事是沒有意義的
There was no sense in making a child suffer like that.
I don’t think there is much sense in asking him to come here.
※ make sense 講得通，有意義，能被理解；有道理
No matter how you read it, the sentence doesn’t make any sense.
It doesn’t make any sense to let children play with matches.
14. doubt n. ＆ v.
n. I have some doubt about her honesty.
She had her doubts whether Jim could come.
I had no doubt that he will succeed.
※ beyond /without a doubt 毫無疑問地；確實(shí)地
I’ll be back on Friday without a doubt.
v. 懷疑，不相信
I doubt the truth of the news.
I don’t doubt that he will come.
I doubt whether he will come.
※ doubt為肯定時(shí)，后面的賓語從句用whether引導(dǎo)；doubt有否定詞修飾時(shí)，后面的
從句用that引導(dǎo)。
15. conclusion n. 結(jié)論
conclude v. 使……結(jié)束
draw / reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
jump to a conclusion 冒然斷定， 過早下結(jié)論
II. Keys points in each part:
§ Warming up
1. Give an example of what you learn about for each field of science.
※give an example of 舉出……的例子
follow one’s example 以……為榜樣
set sb. an example = set an example to sb. 給……樹立榜樣
for example 例如
e.g. The monitor likes to arrive early at school to set an example to others.
Let me give you an example of Eskimo’s life.
I have many hobbies--- fishing, for example.
§ Speaking
2. Well, in my opinion, it’s a waste of money.
※ It’s a waste of money/ time to do sth. 做某事是浪費(fèi)錢/時(shí)間
e.g. It’s a waste of time to argue further.
※ 當(dāng)waste做“廢料、廢棄物”講時(shí)，是[U] n.
e.g. With the growth of population, more and more waste is produced every day.
There is some dogs’ waste in your garden.
※ waste vt. 浪費(fèi)
waste time/ money on sth. 在……方面浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/錢
waste time/ money in doing sth. 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/錢做某事
e.g. He wasted a log of money on horse racing.
You shouldn’t waste time playing computer games.
3. We should make more use of this new technology.
※ make good/ full/ little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用
e.g. We must make full use of our spare time to study.
Waste materials must be made full use of.
§ Reading
4. Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment.
having done 是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，在句子中做時(shí)間狀語或原因狀語，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。此句相當(dāng)與After I had realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment.
e.g. Having finished the work, they went home happily.
Having had a lot of food, he didn’t want to eat anything.
Having lived in this city for many years, he knows it very well.
5. I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.
work vi. 奏效，起作用
The medicine worked.
Your idea won’t work in practice.
The clock hasn’t been working since I dropped it on the floor.
6. The string was getting charged!
get + 過去分詞（done）有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞和get連用，多表示某件事意想不到地、突然地、或偶然地發(fā)生。
They got trapped in the heavy snow on the way home.
The group of people got lost in the forest.
If you go after dark, you must be careful not to get attacked and robbed.
7. Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
(1) “祈使句+and/ or + 陳述句”中，祈使句表示條件，陳述句表示結(jié)果。
Learn to respect others and you will also win others’ respect.
Think the question over, or/ otherwise you can’t work it out.
(2) tie… to… 把……拴在……上
He tied his horse to the tree and had a rest.
8. Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.
add… to…把……加到……中
add to 增加
add up 總計(jì)，加起來
add up to 總計(jì)是
Add up these figures, please.
The music added to our enjoyment.
The bad weather added to their difficulties.
These figures add up to 365.
9. This ribbon, which must not get wet, will protect you from the electricity.
protect A from/against B 保護(hù)A免受B的傷害
阻止……做……的短語有：
stop…(from) doing…
prevent … (from) doing…
keep … from doing … (from不能省略)
e.g. Put on more clothes to prevent yourself from the cold.
I must do something to stop/ prevent the ceiling falling down.
Nothing can stop/ prevent/ keep us from doing it once we have decided to do so.
§ Integrating skills
10. British law says that every new drug must be tested on at least two different kinds of animals, such as mice or dogs.
test sb. on sth.. 測試某人某方面的能力
The teacher tested the whole class on the Attributive Clause.
11. Choose one or two arguments from the reading that go against your view.
go against sb. 對某人不利，反對
go against sth. 違背
The war is going against the people in the two countries.
Don’t go against your parents’ wishes.
Unit 16
Useful expressions:
1. pros and cons 2. give an example of
3. in ones’ opinion 4. a waste of money
5. much too expensive 6. in the future
7. make a noise 8. make use of
9. conduct/ do an experiment 10. a number of
11. just then 12. get charged
13. close to 14. be made of
15. tie…to… 16. the next three steps
17. fasten…to… 18. protect… from…
19. conduct electricity 20. around the world
21. be tested on 22. there’s no doubt that
23. have no right to do sth. 24. make clear
25. in one’s own words 26. be made up of
27. be of great help 28. take on the American nationality
29. leave A for B 30. take an/ no interest in
Sentences:
1. Have realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment.
2. I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.
3. Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
4. Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming soon.
5. There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals are very well take care of.
Unit 16
1．贊成和反對 2. 給出……的例子
3. 在某人看來 4. 浪費(fèi)錢
5. 太貴了 6. 在將來
7. 發(fā)出噪音 8. 利用
9. 做個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn) 10. 大量的
11. 就在那時(shí) 12. 被充上電了
13. 靠近 14. 由……做成的
15. 把……捆在……上 16. 接下來的三步
17. 把……拴在……上 18. 保護(hù)……免受
19. 導(dǎo)電 20. 在全世界
21. 被測試…… 22. 毫無疑問……
23. 沒有權(quán)利做某事 24. 弄清楚
25. 用某人自己的話 26. 由……組成
27. 有很大的幫助 28. 加入美國的國籍
29. 離開A地到B地去 30. 對……有/沒有興趣
句子:
1. 在我意識(shí)到可以利用風(fēng)箏來吸引閃電以后，我決定做個(gè)試驗(yàn)。
2. 我開始思考這個(gè)試驗(yàn)不會(huì)有作用。
3. 把手帕的角拴在十字架的頂端。
4. 當(dāng)暴風(fēng)雨看起來快來的時(shí)候，就放風(fēng)箏。
5. 毫無疑問，100年以前的動(dòng)物測試是很殘忍，但今天它們都受到很好的照顧。