第一單元 星座
課文解析
1. You are patient and do not give up easily. 你是一個(gè)有恒心，不輕易放棄的人。
★give up有“放棄、投降、認(rèn)輸”的意思。如：
① They gave up without a fight. 他們不戰(zhàn)而降。
② She doesn’t give up easily. 她不會(huì)輕易認(rèn)輸?shù)摹?/p>
★give sb. up或者give up on sb. 有“對某人的到來（或康復(fù)、能否找到等）不再抱有希望”的意思。如：
① You are here at last. We’d given you up. 你終于來了。我們都以為你不來了呢。
② Their parents hadn’t heard from him in the front for so long. They had given him up for dead.
他們的父母已經(jīng)很長時(shí)間沒有收到他在前線的來信，都以來他死了。
★give sb. up還有“與某人斷絕關(guān)系、不再與某人來往”的意思。如：
Why don’t you give him up? 你為什么不和他一刀兩斷呢？
★give sth. up有“停止、終止、放棄、拋棄”的意思。如：
① You must give up smoking because it is bad for you health.
你必須戒煙，因?yàn)槲鼰煂δ愕慕】涤泻Α?/p>
② The short boy finally gave up climbing over the wall.
那個(gè)矮個(gè)男孩最后放棄了從墻上爬過去。
★give oneself up to sb. 解釋為“投案、自由”。如：
① The rubber gave himself up to the police after two weeks on the run.
那個(gè)搶劫犯在逃跑了兩個(gè)星期后向警方自首了。
② His father wanted him to give himself up to the police.
父親要他向警方自首。
2. You are a curious and clever person. 你有強(qiáng)烈的好奇心，而且又很聰明。
★curious作形容詞，意為“求知欲強(qiáng)的、好奇的”。如：
① They were very curious about the strange thing in the box.
他們對盒子里陌生的東西感到很好奇。
② I was curious to find out what she had said. 我真想弄清楚她說了什么。
★curious還可作“稀奇古怪的、奇特的、不尋常的”解。如：
① What a curious mistake! 多么荒謬的錯(cuò)誤！
② It was a curious feeling, as though we were floating on air.
那是一種奇特的感覺，我們仿佛在空中飄浮。
3. You are outgoing. You are to talk. 你善于交際，有辯才。
★outgoing作形容詞，意為“愛交際的”“友好的”“外向的”。如：
① Nick is an outgoing person. Nice是個(gè)愛交際的人。
② Everyone says she is outgoing. 大家都說她愛交際。
★outgoing作形容詞時(shí)，還有“卸任的”“離職的”說法。如：
① The people there don’t trust the outgoing government.
那兒的人民不信任將下臺(tái)的政府。
② Mr. Tang is nearly sixty years old. He is an outgoing principle.
唐先生近六十歲，他是位即將卸任的校長。
★outgoing可以解釋為“向外的”“離開的”。如：
① This telephone should be used for outgoing calls. 這部電話機(jī)用于打外線。
② All the outgoing passengers stayed at the airport last night.
所有的離境旅客昨晚都滯留在飛機(jī)場。
★outgoing反義詞是incoming
4. You love your home and family, and like to take care of others.
你愛家和家人，樂于助人，愛好儲(chǔ)蓄和烹飪。
★take care of作“照顧、照料”解，相當(dāng)于look after。如：
① I believe that neighbours can take care of your son while you are out.
相信我外出期間我的鄰居們會(huì)照顧我的兒子的。
② The boy is very young. He can’t take care of himself. 這男孩很小，不可以照顧自己。
★take care of作“保管、保護(hù)”解。如：
① The teacher told the students to take care of the new books.
老師告知學(xué)生要保護(hù)好新書。
② Can you take care of your thing？ 你會(huì)保管你的物品嗎？
★take care of與look after都能作“照顧、照料”解，可以互相替換。但look after沒有“保管、保護(hù)”的意思。如：
① She stayed at home and took care of her mother yesterday.
＝She stayed at home and looked after her mother yesterday.
昨天她呆在家里照料她母親了。
② Who is going go take care of the wounded person in the hospital?
＝Who is going to look after the wounded person in the hospital？
誰去醫(yī)院照料那個(gè)受傷的人？
③ Children must take good care of their eyes.
≠Children must look after their eyes well.
孩子們要好好保護(hù)眼睛。
★take good care of和look after…well意義相同，都是“好好照料、好好照顧”的意思。
但要注意，take care of用的是good一詞，而look after則用well。如：
① Don’t worry. I can take good care of your pet while you are away.
＝Don’t worry. I can look after your pet well while your are away.
放心，你不在時(shí)，我會(huì)照料好你的寵物的。
② The nurses took good care of the children.
＝The nurses looked after the children well.
保育員把孩子照料得很好。
5. You are a strong and confident person. 你有強(qiáng)烈的自信心。
★confident作“自信的、有自信心的”解，主要指具有對自己的價(jià)值深信不疑，或不自覺地肯定自己無論做什么都會(huì)成功，不受懷疑、猶豫及恐懼的干擾，特別是強(qiáng)調(diào)樂觀的態(tài)度。如：
① Our English teacher wants us to feel confident about asking questions when we don’t understand.
我們的英語老師要我們遇到不懂的問題就大膽提問。
② At first, the girls had felt a bit nervous, but then they became more and more confident.
起初，女孩們感到有點(diǎn)緊張，后來，她來變得越來越自信了。
★confident of sth. 或者confident that +從句有“肯定的、確信的、有把握的”意義。如：
① We are confident that we can overcome the difficulties. 我們相信能夠克服困難。
② I am confident that you can pass the exam. 我肯定你考試能夠通過。
★confident名詞形式是confidence, have confidence in sth./sb.，表示“對……信賴”。如：
① All the students confidence in her students’ abilities.
她完全相信她學(xué)生的能力。
② He answered the question with confidence.
她有把握地回答了那些問題。
★另外confidence還有“（向某人透露）秘密 機(jī)密”一說。如
The girls exchanged confidences. 女孩子們相互吐露自己的心事。
6. You are generous. 你慷慨大方。
★generous常常譯成“慷慨的、大方的、慷慨給予的”。當(dāng)人們要表示樂于奉獻(xiàn)自己的力量或金錢，肯定為別人著想和寬容他人；或者指大份的飯菜或數(shù)量很大的奉獻(xiàn)物品的意思時(shí)，通常用這詞。如：
① She gave me a generous present on my birthday. 我生日那天，她給了一份豐厚的禮物。
② It was generous of him to pay for the meal for us. 他為我們付了飯錢，真是大方。
7. You like to buy your friends nice gifts. 你樂意為朋友購買精美的禮物。
★buy作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面常接雙賓語，即有buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.的用法。如：
① He bought me a new coat. 他給我買了件新外套。
② What are you going to buy for your teachers? 你打算給你們的老師買什么？
★除了buy外，在英語中，還有一些動(dòng)詞后面帶有兩個(gè)賓語。其中一個(gè)賓語是直接賓語，另一是間接賓語，我們把它稱為雙賓語現(xiàn)象。雙賓語里有些位置基本是固定的，teach, ask就屬這種情況。如：He taught us English. May I ask you some questions? 有些位置可前可后，但要在兩個(gè)賓語之間加介詞。如在give, pass, lend, show, bring等詞后加to；在ask, buy, draw, get, make等詞后加for。如：
① Please give me the pen.
＝Please give the pen to me.
請把那支鋼筆給我。
② Can you pass him the ruler?
＝Can you pass the ruler to him?
你可以把那把尺遞給我嗎？
③ Don’t lend her the book.
＝Don’t lend the book to her.
不要把書借給她。
④ I will show you the shirt.
＝I will show the new shirt to you.
我將會(huì)給你看我的新襯衫。
⑤ Can you bring me something to eat?
＝Can you bring something to eat to me?
你能給我?guī)c(diǎn)吃的東西來嗎？
⑥ Uncle Wang made us a kite last week.
＝Uncle Wang made a kite for us last week.
上星期王叔叔給我們做了只風(fēng)箏。
⑦ My father will buy me a new bike next week.
＝My father will buy a new bike for me next week.
我父親下星期就給我買新自行車。
⑧ They drew us a good picture.
＝They drew a good picture for us.
他們給我們畫了一幅美麗的畫。
⑨ Please get me a pen.
＝Please get a pen for me.
請給我弄支鋼筆來。
★如直接賓語是代詞，則無論間接賓語是名詞還是代詞都應(yīng)將直接賓語放在動(dòng)詞之后。如：
① Would you please give it to me?
你把它給我，好嗎？（不能說Would you please give me it.）
② I will buy it for you.
我就給你買。（不能說I will buy you it.）
8. You are a modest person. 你是一個(gè)很謙虛的人。
★modest是形容詞，意為“謙虛的”“謙讓的”“謙恭的”。通常是指不過分自信、不虛榮和不傲慢，或表示在尺寸大小方面中等或較小的東西。如：
① She is very modest about her success. 她對自己的成功非常謙虛。
② You’re too modest. 你太謙虛了。
★有“樸素的、樸實(shí)的”意思。如：
① She likes wearing modest dresses. 她喜歡穿樸素的服裝。
② All of the villagers there live in modest cottages.
那里所有的村民都住在樸實(shí)無華的村舍里。
9. You worry too much at times. 你有時(shí)過于小心。
★too much可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在名中作定語；too much也可以單獨(dú)使用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)代詞，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語。too much也可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中作狀語，表示“過于”“太多”（＝more than enough）。如：
① I drank too much beer last night. 昨天晚上我啤酒喝得太多了。（作定語）
② He has too much trouble in his life. 他生活中麻煩太多了。（作定語）
③ Too much has been said about it. 有關(guān)這件事已說得夠多了。（作主語）
④ The work is too much for me. 這工作我干不了。（作表語）
⑤ But where there’s too much of it, the poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.
但是在有毒的廢物太多的地方，這些有毒的廢物就會(huì)給我們周圍的東西帶來很大的害處。（作表語）
⑥ You’ve done too much for her. 你為她做得太多了。（作賓語）
⑦ I don’t enjoy reading too much. 我不是非常喜歡看書。（作狀語）
⑧ She talks too much. 她說話簡直太多了。（作狀語）
⑨ Don’t let the children watch TV too much. 不要讓孩子過多地看電視。（作狀語）
★ much too在句中只用作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞，表示“太、過、非常”。如：
① It is much too hot today. 今天實(shí)在太熱了。
② Crusoe realized that he had make his boat much too large.
克魯索意識(shí)到他把小船造得太大了。
10. You are elegant and love beautiful things. 你文雅，追求完美。
elegant作形容詞用，意為“文雅的”“優(yōu)美的”“漂亮的”，也有“簡潔的”“簡練的”的意思，一般指在風(fēng)格上極其時(shí)髦或正式的事物，或指昂貴、錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜或過于豐富的事物。是個(gè)褒義詞。如：
① She is tall and elegant. 她身材修長，優(yōu)雅大方。
② Yesterday his mother wore an elegant dress and went the party.
昨天他母親穿著一件高雅的連衣裙去參加舞會(huì)了。
③ I saw the couple go into an elegant restaurant.
我看見那對夫婦進(jìn)了一家雅致的飯店。
④ They thought of an elegant solution to the question.
他們想到了一個(gè)解決這個(gè)問題的簡要方法。
11. You love peace and do not like to argue with others. 你熱愛和平，不喜歡與人爭吵。
★argue用作動(dòng)詞，意為“辯論、爭論”。如：
① They argued the matter for hours. 這件事他們辯論了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
② He argued that she should not go. 他們爭辯說她不應(yīng)該去。
★argue with sb. (about/over sth. )意為“（就某事）與爭論、爭吵、爭辯”。如：
① My brother are always arguing with me about the house.
我兄弟總為房子的事和我爭論不休。
② They argued with each other over the money.
他們?yōu)殄X的事相互爭吵過。
★argument是argue的名詞形式，它的常見用法如下：
① Two men were deep in argument. 兩個(gè)人在激烈地爭論。
② There was a hot argument. 有一場激烈的辯論。
★discuss用作及物動(dòng)詞意為“討論、談?wù)摗薄Ｖ饕妇湍骋粏栴}交換意見，相互的觀點(diǎn)可能好象一致，也可能不一致。Argue則不同，辯論的雙方意見是不一致的，一方要提出種種理由支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，反對另一方的觀點(diǎn)。著重在于說理，論證和企圖說服。Discuss比較緩和。如：
① Let’s discuss the problem. 我們討論一下這個(gè)問題吧。
② I’ll discuss the question with my classmate next Monday.
下星期一我將和我的同班同學(xué)討論這個(gè)問題。
12. You are a powerful person and have lots of energy. 你個(gè)性強(qiáng)烈，精力充沛。
★powerful作形容詞，意為“健壯的”“強(qiáng)壯的”。如：
① He is a powerful person. 他是個(gè)體格健壯的人。
② Look, Simon has got a powerful body. 瞧！Simon有健壯的體魄。
★powerful作形容詞，有“權(quán)勢的”“有影響力的”的意思。如：
① China is one of the most powerful countries in the world.
中國現(xiàn)在是世界上最具有影響力的國家之一。
② Zhang Yimou is a powerful director in China.
張藝謀是位中國具有影響力的導(dǎo)演。
★powerful作形容詞，還可以作“強(qiáng)有力”“力量大的”解。如：
① Have you got powerful tools to do the work?
你們有有效工具去干那活嗎？
② That is a powerful truck. 那是輛大功率卡車。
★powerful一詞由名詞power加形容詞后綴-ful而來，類似的詞還有：
Success→successful help→helpful
use→useful care→careful
hope→hopeful colour→colourful
peace→peaceful meaning→meaningful
13. You like to keep secrets. 你能保守秘密。
★keep secrets或keep a secret。意為“保守秘密”。這種“keep + 名詞”的用法，在英語中遇然見到。如：
They asked us to keep secrets for them. 他們要我們?yōu)樗麄儽Ｊ孛孛堋?/p>
★keep + 形容詞表示“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)”，其中keep為連系動(dòng)詞。如：
① I hope to keep healthy. 我希望保持健康。
② Keep quiet and listen to me. 安靜，聽我說。
★“keep + 賓語 + 形容詞/分詞/介詞短語”是個(gè)常用詞組，其中“形容詞/分詞/介詞短語”是賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示“使……保持某種狀態(tài)”。如：
① I was too tired to keep my eyes open. 我累得連眼睛都睜不開了。
② It’s a good way to keep our classroom clean. 最好的辦法是保持我們的教室干凈。
③ After class we should also keep our desk tidy.
下課后，我們也應(yīng)該保持桌面整潔、有序。
④ You should keep your hands behind your backs. 你們要把手放在背后。
⑤ A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他臥床一周。
⑥ You have to keep the fire burning. 你得讓火一直燒著。
⑦ I’m sorry. I kept you waiting outside so long. 對不起，讓你在外面久等了。
⑧ Don’t keep the window closed all day long. 不要整天把窗戶關(guān)著。
⑨ She kept the food locked in the fridge. 她一直把食品鎖在冰箱里。
★詞組keep…away (from)，意為“不讓靠近”。接介from短語時(shí)，表示“妨礙”或“免遭……”。如：
① You should keep your long hair away from the running machine.
你應(yīng)該讓你的長發(fā)遠(yuǎn)離轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的機(jī)器。
② Keep him away. 別讓他靠近。
③ I mustn’t keep you from your work. 我不能妨礙你去干你的工作。
④ We must keep this from getting dirty. 我們一定要盡力別把這弄臟了。
⑤ They make fire to keep the animals from coming near.
他們生火是使動(dòng)物不靠近。
★keep后面可以直接用動(dòng)詞+ing的形式，表示“持續(xù)做某事”“不間斷地做某事”。如：
① My father kept coughing all right. 我父親整夜咳嗽。
② Don’t keep talking in class. 課上不要一直講話。
14. You are kind and wise. You have many friends. 你聰明善良，朋友多。
★kind用作形容詞，意為“友好的、仁慈的、心地善良的”，后面常眼介詞to。如：
① Mellie’s step-mother was very kind to him and did all she could to find books for her.
Mellie的繼母待她很好，盡一切可能為她找書看。
② They have been most kind to me, since I came to this school.
自從我來到這個(gè)學(xué)校，他們一直對我很好。
★kind用作名詞，意為“種類”。如：
① Love our kind and be kind to the animals. 愛我們的同類，愛護(hù)動(dòng)物。
② There are different kinds of mooncakes in the shop.
店里有不同種類的月餅。
★type也有和kind相同的意義，作“種類”解，有時(shí)候可以相互替用。但type有“類型”一意，而kind則沒有。如：
① There are three types of air conditioners in the shop. 這店里有三種型號(hào)的空調(diào)賣。
② They have to meet all types of people. 他們得和各種類型的人打交道。
15. However, some people think that you are strange. 但也有人認(rèn)為你有點(diǎn)怪。
★副詞however表示上、下文在意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”“不過”“但是”。However在句中的位置比較靈活，可以在句首、句中或句末，有時(shí)用逗號(hào)與句子其他成份隔開，有時(shí)則不用，須看其在句中的意義而定。如：
① His efforts, however, proved a failure. 但他的努力結(jié)果都失敗了。
② He hasn’t arrived; he may come later, however. 他還沒有來，不過，他可能晚點(diǎn)來。
③ It was raining hard at that time. However, we had to leave as soon as possible.
當(dāng)時(shí)雨下得很大，不過我們還是得盡早動(dòng)身。
④ Later, however, he decided to go. 可是后來，他決定去了。
⑤ He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他說情況如此，但他錯(cuò)了。
⑥ So far I haven’t had my success. However, I’ll keep trying.
迄今為止，我還沒有成功，然而，我會(huì)不斷努力的。
⑦ She was weak. However, she insisted on doing the heavy work.
她很虛弱，不過她還是堅(jiān)持干重活。
⑧ However, we will look into the matter later. 然而，我們以后還要調(diào)查此事。
★however用于修飾形容詞或副詞，表示“無論到什么程度、不管多么”。如：
① She has the window open, however cold it is outside.
不管外面有多么冷，她都開著窗戶。
② However dangerous the work is, we must finish it on time.
無論這工作有多么危險(xiǎn)，我們必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成。
★在英語中，除了however外，以“-ever”構(gòu)成的合成詞在文章中很常見，用法各有千秋，如：
whoever誰都；無人誰 whichever隨便哪個(gè)；無論哪個(gè)
whatever凡是的；無論什么 whenever隨時(shí)；無論什么時(shí)候
wherever無論哪里；無論到哪里
★用來引出名詞性從句。如：
① Whoever has eyes can see what great changes China has made since opening.(主語從句)
凡是有眼的人，都能看到中國開放以來取得了多么巨大的變化。
② Give the apple to whoever wants it. (介詞to的賓語從句)
誰要這個(gè)蘋果，就給誰。
③ We are ready to do whatever the Party wants us to do. （賓語從句）
黨要我們干什么，我們就準(zhǔn)備干什么。
④ Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. （主語從句）
凡是值得做的，就值得好好去做。
⑤ You may take whichever book will interest you. （賓語從句）
哪本書你感興趣，你就可以拿哪本書。
⑥ Whichever come first may have enough time to do this experiment.（主語從句）
無論哪個(gè)先來，他就可以有足夠時(shí)間做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
⑦ He may write about whatever subject he is interested in. （介詞賓語從句）
他可寫他感興趣的任何題目。
★用來引出讓步狀語從句。如：
① Whoever you are, you have no right to do such a thing.
不論你是誰,你都無權(quán)做這種事。
② Whatever the reason is, the fact remains.
不論什么理由，事實(shí)依然不變。
③ Whatever happens, we will not change our plan.
不管發(fā)生什么事，我們決不改變計(jì)劃。
④ You must finish this experiment today, whichever way you do it.
不管你用什么方法，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)銊?wù)必于今天做完。
★用來引出具有強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式狀語從句。如：
① Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）
哪里陽光雨水充足，哪里的田野就綠油油的。
② Wherever you go, we’ll still remember you. （地點(diǎn)狀語從句）
無論你去哪里，我們始終會(huì)記著你。
③ Wherever people say that sort of, you know they don’t mean it.（時(shí)間狀語從句）
每當(dāng)人們說那種事時(shí)，你知道他們并不是指它而言的。
④ You may solve the problem whichever way you like. （方式狀語從句）
哪種方法你喜歡，就用哪種方法解決這個(gè)題。
⑤ He goes there whenever he has time, which is not often. （時(shí)間狀語從句）
他一有時(shí)間就到那兒去，但這并不是經(jīng)常的。
⑥ The dog will go wherever you tell him. （地點(diǎn)狀語從句）
那狗你告訴他去哪里就去哪里。
16. You are generous, kind, gentle and easy-going.
你個(gè)性率真，溫文爾雅且為人隨和。
easy-going一詞主要作形容詞用，意為“悠閑的、隨和的、不慌不忙的”。如：
① I wish I had such easy-going parents. 我多么希望有這樣隨和的父母啊！
② She is always easy-going when she meets any difficulty.
遇到困難時(shí)，她始終是不慌不忙。
17. You are also creative and imaginative. 你還具有豐富的創(chuàng)造能力和想象能力。
★imaginative用作形容詞，意為“富有想象力的”，相當(dāng)于full of imagination。如：
① I think it is an imaginative idea. 我認(rèn)為是個(gè)有創(chuàng)意的想法。
② Mechille is an imaginative girl. Mechille是個(gè)富有創(chuàng)意的女孩。
★imaginative是由imagine變化而來。Imagine作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“想象，設(shè)想”，也有“料想，估計(jì)，預(yù)想”，其后可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式及其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
① I can’t imagine life on a deserted island. 我不能想象在荒島上的生活。
② We had never imagined anything like that. 我們從未想象過那樣的生活。
★imagine后可跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但該不定式通常只能是to be。如：
① Don’t imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要認(rèn)為你自己總是對的。
② Imagine yourself to be in their place, how would you act?
設(shè)想你處于他們的地位，你會(huì)怎么辦？
★imagine后可跟從句，有時(shí)也和as連用。如：
① Imagine that you were alone on an island. 想象一下你孤身一人在一個(gè)島上。
② You can’t imagine how we missed you all. 你不能想象我們是多么相信你們大家。
③ I had imagined you as a big tall man. 我想象你是個(gè)高大的男人。
④ I don’t imagine that he will come if it rains. 我認(rèn)為如果下雨他就不會(huì)來。
★主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的主語是第一人稱，imagine后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句若含有否定意思，通常否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。如：
① We don’t imagine that he is fit for the job. 我們認(rèn)為他不勝任這項(xiàng)工作。
② “He will be late again.” “I imagine so/not.” “他又要遲到了。”“我想也是的/不會(huì)吧。”
③ －Will they be ready tomorrow? 他們明天能準(zhǔn)備好嗎？
－Yes, I imagine so. 是的，我是這么認(rèn)為的。
★答句中的否定式也可用I don’t imagine so。如：
－Will they attend the meeting next month? 他們會(huì)出席下個(gè)月的會(huì)嗎？
－No, I imagine not. /No, I don’t imagine so. 不會(huì)的，我想不會(huì)的。
★imagine的名詞形式是imagination。imagination為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“想象，想象力”。如：
① He hasn’t much imagination. 他缺乏想象力。
② Simon was a man of remarkable imagination. Simon是一個(gè)有著非凡想象力的人。
18. A practical person is good at doing things and dealing with difficulties.
務(wù)實(shí)的人擅長做事和應(yīng)對困難。
★difficulty在表示具體的困難時(shí)，通常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
① There are many difficulties for us to face to, such as had weather, muddy road.
我們有許多困難要面對，如惡劣的天氣、泥濘的道路。
② He got into the difficulty while they traveled in Japan.
他在日本旅游時(shí)遇到麻煩。
★difficulty作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意思是“費(fèi)力、費(fèi)勁”，常和介詞in, with或without搭配使用。如：
① It was with difficulty that I persuaded him to come.
說服他過來我費(fèi)了很大的勁。
② She finished his homework without any difficulty.
她毫不費(fèi)力地做完了家庭作業(yè)。
★介詞in后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，這種用法通常用于have difficulty in這一結(jié)構(gòu)。這時(shí)的difficulty可用trouble替代，且介詞in可以省略。如：
① I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English.
我覺得英語中有些單詞不好拼讀。
② He said he had little difficulty in learning Japanese.
他說他感覺學(xué)日語不費(fèi)什么勁。
19. Millie has collected enough information about her classmates’ star signs.
米莉已收集了足夠的有關(guān)她同學(xué)的星座的情況。
★enough作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，可以在名詞的前面，也可以放在后面。但是為了避免混淆，一般放在名詞前。如：
① I’ve enough time to do it. 我有足夠的時(shí)間去做這事情。
② There are enough people to help them pick apples. 有足夠的人去幫助他們摘蘋果。
★enough作副詞修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)，均放在他們的后面。如：
① The room is big enough to hold 20 people. 這個(gè)房間足夠大，能夠容納20人。
② The book is easy enough for the child to read. 這本書讓這孩子讀是足夠容易的。
20. otherwise否則
otherwise一詞最常見用法是放在句首，表示“要不然”“否則”。如：
① You have to go now, otherwise you’ll miss your train.
你得馬上動(dòng)身，要不然就趕不上火車了。
② I borrowed some money from my parents, otherwise I couldn’t pay for it.
我向父母借了些錢，否則就我付不起了。
21. Well, he likes to dream. I don’t think he’d be able to concentrate.
他喜歡幻想。我認(rèn)為他不可能集中精力。
詞組be able to和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can
★be able to詞組中，be是連系動(dòng)詞，able是形容詞作表語，to為不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞的原形，作“能夠”“有……能力”解釋時(shí)，不僅有現(xiàn)在式，而且還有過去式和將來式。如：
① Everyone was able to run away from the burning house.
每個(gè)人都能夠從那著火的房子里逃出來。
② The river is wide but he is able to swim across it.
盡管河很寬，但他能夠游過去。
★be able to往往表示“經(jīng)過努力能成功地做”，而can和could僅表示一種“能力”。如：
① Animals can’t use tools. 動(dòng)物不會(huì)使用工具。
② He couldn’t speak when he was five. 他五歲還不會(huì)說話。
22. Who else would be suitable? 還有誰會(huì)更適合呢
★else作形容詞用時(shí)，常跟在疑問代詞、不定代詞之后，有時(shí)也可修飾疑問副詞，表示“別的”“其他的”。如：
① What else do you want? 你還要?jiǎng)e的什么？
② Who else did he want to invite to his party?
他還邀請了其他什么人去參加他的聚會(huì)了嗎？
③ What else would you like to take? 你看還需要什么嗎？
④ Little else is known of her name. 除了她的名字，其余就知之甚少了。
⑤ Where else did you go when you were in Australia?
你在澳大利亞時(shí)還去過什么地方？
★other通常與any, some, no及定冠詞the搭配使用，表示“另外一些”；與every搭配使用，表示“每隔……”。后面接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式時(shí)，other前面必須有限定詞，否則只能用another。如：
① Mary is here, but the other girls are still out in the playground.
瑪麗在這兒，可是其他的女生都還在操場上。
② Do you have any other books on this subject?
你還有這方面的書嗎？
③ I am very busy now. You can ask me about it some other time.
我現(xiàn)在很忙。你可以另找時(shí)間再問吧。
④ We’ve got ten chairs, but they are not enough yet. Bring us two other ones tomorrow, will you?
我們已經(jīng)有十把椅子，但仍不夠用，明天請?jiān)倌脙砂褎e的椅子來，行嗎？
⑤ This medicine is to be taken every other day.
這藥每隔一日服一次。
⑥ Remember to write in every other line.
記住每隔一行寫。
23. He would not mind doing extra work for the students’ Union.
在學(xué)校里，他常幫助其他同學(xué)。
★mind用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常見的意義為“介意”“在乎”。如：
① Do you mind if I open the window? 你介意我開窗嗎？
② Never mind, I’ll teach you to sing Beijing Opera? 別介意，我教你唱京戲。
★mind后面接“動(dòng)詞+ing”的形式，意為“介意做……”。如：
① He didn’t mind doing work for the club. 為俱樂部做事情，他一點(diǎn)兒不介意。
② Do you mind asking your age? 問一下你的年齡，你介意嗎？
★mind作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以用于警告人們，意為“當(dāng)心、注意”。如：
① Mind that step. 當(dāng)心臺(tái)階。
② Mind your head. 小心，別碰著頭。
★mind作名詞時(shí)，意為“頭腦”“思想”。如：
① Keep your mind on your lessons. 專心做你的功課吧。
② I couldn’t have peace of mind before she came back.
她沒有回來，我心里就不踏實(shí)。
24. Mr Wu spends a lot of time explaining things to us. He is patient.
吳老師花許多時(shí)間為我們講解。他很有耐心。
★explain通常用作動(dòng)詞，常譯成“解釋”“說明”“闡明”。主要用于explain sth. to sb.形式。如：
① Let me explain the rules of the game to all of you first.
讓我先向你們解釋一下比賽的規(guī)則。
② It is quite difficult to explain the problem to the beginners.
向初學(xué)者解釋清楚這個(gè)問題是比較困難的。
★explain后面可以接從句。如：
① Simon explain that his car had broken down. Simon解釋說他的汽車出了毛病。
② Well, that doesn’t explain why you don’t phone. 哎喲，那不是你不打電話的理由。
★explain oneself to是“為自己的行為作說明”的意思。如：
① I needn’t explain myself to you. 我沒有必要向你們解釋。
② I really don’t see why I should have to explain myself to them.
我真弄不明白我為什么非得向他們解釋我的行為不可。
25. Yes, I agree. We compare you with all the other students and we find that you are the most suitable person.
是這樣，我也同意。我們對比了其他所有同學(xué)，覺得你是最合適的人選。
★compare作“比較”解時(shí)，常用作及物動(dòng)詞，與介詞with搭配，指同類事物的具體比較。如：
① If you compare my computer with yours, you’ll see whose is better.
如果你把我的電腦和你的比較一下，就可以看出誰的更好些。
② She compared herself with her workmates and found she didn’t work so hard as any of the others.
她把自己和她的工友作了比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己工作沒有他們中任何一個(gè)人努力。
★compare與介詞to搭配，作“比較”解，是非同類事物的抽象比較。如：
① The great writer compared the world to a stage. 這位大作家把人生比作舞臺(tái)。
② They compared the boy to a small tiger. 他們把那個(gè)男孩比作小老虎。
同步測試
1. Where are you going to visit there?
A. other B. another C. else D. also
2. Some young people are now to buy private(私人的) cars.
A. rather rich B. very rich C. rich enough D. enough rich
3. It is very important us it.
A. to; to remember B. for; to remember
C. for; remembering D. to; remembering
4. Half of the class done most of the work. The left rather difficult.
A. have; is B. has; is C. have; are D. has; are
5. Lei Feng went, he was always ready to help others.
A. When B. Where C. Wherever D. Whenever
6. That’s very kind you me.
A. of; help B. of; to help C. to; to help D. for; helping
7. It’s good for you to keep when you have something difficult .
A. trying; to do B. doing; to do it
C. to try; to do D. trying; to be done
8. “You must keep in the hospital,” the woman said to me .
A. quietly; quiet B. quietly; quietly C. quiet; quietly D. quiet; quiet
9. The river is too wide for the swimmers .
A. to swim B. to swim in C. to swim across D. swimming
10. He didn’t think the shirt , so he didn’t buy it.
A. enough cheap B. enough expensive
C. cheap enough D. expensive enough
11. The factory has been for two years.
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
12. “It’s too cold. Would you mind the window?” “ . But don’t do it now.”
A. to close; Sure B. closing; Good idea
C. closing; Better not D. closing; Of course not
13. The headmaster stopped to me because there was a call for him.
A. talking B. to talk C. saying D. to say
14. Teachers often ask us make any noise in class.
A. to try not to B. not try to not C. not to try to D. try not to
15. I can’t it in English because I can’t English. Can I you the story in Chinese.
A. speak; say; tell B. say; speak; tell
C. tell; speak; say D. say; tell; speak
16. “Mum, I think I’m to get back to school.” “Oh, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day.”
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
17. Which sign tells us the way out of a building?
A. EXIT B. PUSH C. ENTRANCE D. PULL
18. If a=3, b=4, what’s the answer to the problem; a+2ab+1=? The answer is .
A. twenty-eight B. twenty-eighth C. thirteen D. eighteen
19. Many girls go to your house. They bring all their pet dogs. In all, there are 22 heads and 72 feet. How many girls and dogs are there in the room?
A. 6 girls and 16 dogs B. 7 girls and 15 dogs
C. 8 girls and 14 dogs D. 9 girls and 13 dogs.
20. He is businesslike and is often . I hope he will have more at his business.
A. success; successful B. successful; success
C. successfully; successful D. successful; successful
參考答案
1. 選C。also主要是“也”的意思，只用在肯定句中。其余三個(gè)詞都有“別的”意義。Other后面要接修飾對象，如“What other things do you want（你還需要?jiǎng)e的什么東西嗎）？只有else跟在疑問代詞、疑問副詞和不定代詞后面。
2. 選C。本題主要考查對“(to) be + adj + enough to do…”句型的運(yùn)用。enough要放在被修飾對象的之后。
3. 選B。在It is/was + adj + of/for sb. to do ……這一句型中，表示客觀情況的形容詞后面用for sb.，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞后面用of sb.。
4. 選A。這是有關(guān)主謂一致問題的試題。前面句中的主語“Half of the class”是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以應(yīng)該在A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)中選擇。后面的主語“The left”是表示前面句中“the work”余下部分，是不可數(shù)名詞，因此，排除C項(xiàng)。
5. 選C。本題是個(gè)連詞選擇題。從句中所表達(dá)的意思看，雷鋒“was always ready to help others”，說明他無論何時(shí)何地，以助人為樂為榮，這就需要選引導(dǎo)讓步狀語連詞，所以A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)就先行排除。而句中所用動(dòng)詞went，要求用引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)讓步狀語的從屬連詞。
6. 選B。這是人們在口頭經(jīng)常用來向別人表示致謝的口語。在kind后接介詞of you后接動(dòng)詞不定式。
7. 選A。動(dòng)詞keep后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞，全句的后半句是個(gè)從句，需用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，而difficult暗示要用動(dòng)詞try。
8. 選C。keep用作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面跟形容詞，所以，先排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。修飾動(dòng)詞“said to me”要用副詞，故D項(xiàng)不符合題意。
9. 選C。根據(jù)題意，河太寬，對swimmers來說，“swim across”有困難，而too……to結(jié)構(gòu)有否定的意義。在too……to結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)主語是后面動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語的現(xiàn)象時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，要用小品詞（介詞）過渡。
10. 選C。當(dāng)enough作為副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，要放在修飾的后面。根據(jù)句意，是嫌襯衫貴而沒有買。
11. 選A。open是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能和完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。open作形容詞，be open表示狀態(tài)“開著的”。
12. 選D。mind后接doing sth.，所以A項(xiàng)首先排除。B項(xiàng)與題意明顯不符。“Better not”與“But don’t do it now”的語氣不符。
13. 選A。stop to do sth.是“停下來去做某事”，stop doing sth.是“停止做某事”，句意是“因?yàn)樾ｉL有電話，所以他停止和我交談”，故排除B和D。say是“說話”，talk是“談話，交談”。
14. 選A。首先以前學(xué)過“ask sb. to do sth.”或“ask sb. not to sth.”的詞組。而try to do sth.的否定形式是“try not to do sth.”。
15. 選B。這是一個(gè)全面考查“說”的試題。解這個(gè)題可以從中間的空先入手，講什么語言要用“speak”，這樣就排除了A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。Say后面接“sth.”，而tell后接“sb.”。
16. 選C。本題是主要考查兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。一是good和well的區(qū)別。根據(jù)句意，是“我”身體恢復(fù)了，可以回學(xué)校上課。Well能夠用于表示“身體好”，而good是表示“人品好”。所以A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)不在此列。其次，是考查關(guān)于“(to) be + adj + enough to do…”。
17. 選A。這是一道與生活內(nèi)容有關(guān)的試題。在大型商場、超市，人們經(jīng)常可以看到選項(xiàng)中的幾個(gè)符號(hào)。Push表示“推”，entrance表示“入口”，pull表示“拉”。根據(jù)題意，是要選表示出口的符號(hào)。exit表示“出口”。
18. 選A。這是一道多元思路題。英語作為交流工具，理應(yīng)學(xué)以致用。本題取自中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)課程數(shù)學(xué)方程式內(nèi)容，使英語更貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活，只要能讀懂題目，通過簡單計(jì)算，便知答案。
19. 選C。這也是一道多元思路題，取自數(shù)學(xué)中傳統(tǒng)的“雞兔共籠”問題，學(xué)生在讀懂題目的基礎(chǔ)上，通過簡單計(jì)算，便能夠找到答案。
20. 選B。本題是考查success、successful和successfully的正確運(yùn)用。按句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第一空是在is后面，并且與businesslike相對應(yīng)，所以需用形容詞。第二空是接在have的后面作賓語，要用名詞。