News Media
New words:
1. reliable adj. able to be trusted; dependable可信賴的，可靠的
（反）unreliable
He looks a nice, reliable man.
Is this information reliable?
reliance n. 依靠，信賴
have/ place / put reliance on sb.
A child has reliance on his mother.
You can put no reliance on Tom.
Do you place much reliance on your doctor?
2. fire vt. 解雇， 開除dismiss from a job(反)take on , hire, employ
Get out! You are fired / dismissed!
vi. shoot off bullets發射（子彈），射擊
fire at sb./ sth.
fire a gun at sb.
He is firing at us.
He ran into the bank and fired his gun into the air.
Don’t move or I’ll fire.
3. face n. 1)臉，面孔 [c] 2) 表面，面貌
*face to face
She stood face to face with him.
a face-to-face interview
hide one’s face (由于難為情或羞愧)低下頭或把臉躲開
*in one’s face當面，迎面
“It’s your own fault!” he shouted in her face.
*in the face of
What could he do in the face of all the difficulties?
*look in the face正面看某人（而不羞愧），正視
If he knows ---how can I look him in the face?
I want you to look the facts in the face.
*lose (one’s) face
*make a face / faces
*pull / wear a long face
vt.1) 面向,朝著
The kitchen faces north.
2) 面臨(形式,問題)
Such was the situation we were facing.
*be faced with面臨,面對
We are all faced with the same problem of rising costs.
4. reason n. 意思是理由，原因，緣故著重指產生某種行為或想法的理由：
the reason for /why
Give your reason for the plan.把你計劃的理由講一下.
The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.
The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain.
理由=reason
There is no cause/reason for alarm.
You have no cause for complaint.
cause n.1).起因，原因，緣故，理由，根源[c]
著重是指產生某種結果的原因：the cause of
The cause of the fire was dry. 起火的原因是干燥。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving two fast.事故的原因是他開車太快了.
reason vt.i. 說服,推理,勸說
She can reason very clearly.
I reason that since she had not answered my letter she must be angry with me. 我推斷既然她不給我回信,她一定是生我的氣了.
reason with sb. (try to persuade by fair argument)以理說服;勸說
You should reason with the child instead of just telling him to obey.
5. injure vt.
1）injure vt.事故中受傷或器官，the injured
機能，外貌受損（外傷）
2）hurt vt.身體的內傷和精神上的傷
vi. 痛
3)harm vt.人們已認識到的客觀害處,
公認的害處
4)wound vt.肉體上的外傷 (多指刀槍傷) the wounded
a) When I fell , I _____ my leg.
b) His words _____ her.
c) He was badly _____ in the accident.
d) Doctor says getting up early won’t
_____ you.
e) He got ________ in the war.
6. inform vt. to tell or give the information to (正式)告知,通知,報告
inform sb. that
of
疑問詞+ to do
n. / pron.
She informed him that she was to send for it the next day.
He informed them of his arrival.
He will informed us where to go.
If you saw the accident please inform the police.
a well-informed man消息靈通的人
*say, tell, inform, speak, talk用法
*say vt.只能用話語(不能用人)作賓語:
He said, “I’m tired.”
He said a few words then sat down.
*tell vt. 接賓語或雙賓語
He told us that he was tired.
*inform vt. 賓語是人
He informed us that he was tired.
只有say可以同原話連用
tell可以用于命令
speak, talk 不及物，有時可及物但絕不是人作賓語．
Do you speak French?
informed adj.有知識的，見聞廣的，了解情況的
7．relate vt.
1) to tell a story講述（故事）
relate to sb. sth.
relate +clause
He related (to us) the story of his escape.
The witness related what he had seen.
2) show a relation between把…聯系起來，看出或顯示出…與…的關系
I can’t relate those two ideas. 我看不出那兩個想法之間的關系。
*relate to 1)和… 有關,涉及
This letter relates to the sale of the house.
I don’t know to what this relates
2)和…相處很好, 和...合得來 (通常用否定)
She doesn’t relate very well to her mother.
*be related to
1)和…有聯系,和…有關
All things were related to all other things.
2)和…有親屬關系
Are you related to Mr Smith?
8. talent
genius – 是一個很重的詞,只用于少見的才華或有天才的人:
Einstein had genius./was a genius.
She has a genius for mathematics.
talent-- 也表示特殊才能(她不指人本身not the person who has it),但不如genius重
a young actor with a lot of talent
She has a talent for music.
He is a talented football player.
skill -- talent和genius都是某人天生的能力,而skill指一種可以學到的本領,技能,只可以做好某事的能力
a skilled worker
gift-- a natural ability to do sth.天賦,天才
He has a gift for music.
a gifted painter
9. switch vt.i. change or exchange改變,交換
They switched the positions.
He got tired of teaching and switched to painting.
*switch off = turn off
電器用品的開關用turn on, turn off或switch on / off
門窗或盒子的開關用open或shut
水龍頭或煤氣的開關用turn on或turn off
10. interview n.會晤,接見
have an interview with sb.
Father had an interview with the teacher about John’s work.
receive an interview受到采訪
give an interview to sb. 接受某人的采訪
He refused to give an interview to the journalist.
a face-to-face interview
interviewee n.
interviewer n.
11.present /pri’zent/ vt.
1)呈獻,贈予(尤指在典禮場合)
He presented a silver cup to the winner/ presented the
winner with a silver cup.
2)bring to one’s attention, offer for consideration呈遞,提交
The committee is presenting its report next week.
3)introduce (正式) 介紹
May I introduce Mr. Johnson ( to you)?
introduce sb. to
make oneself known
present adj.
1) in the place talked of出席的，到場的opp. absent
How many people were present at the meeting?
People present will get a gift each.
be absent from
Four students are absent from class.
2)現存的， 現在的
What’s your present address?
present n. 現在，當前，目前
We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
at present= at this time = now現在
for the present暫時
12．truthfully yours
13. effort ---努力，盡力the use of strength
with (without)effort 費（不費）力
He lifted the heavy box without effort.
make an/ every effort to do努力做某事
spare no effort不遺余力
The prisoner made an effort to escape but he failed.
power-1)動力doing work, driving a machine, producing electricity
Mills used to depend on wind power or water power.
2)力量 Knowledge is power.
strength-力氣
force-武力
energy-精力
14.ignore 不顧，不理，忽視refuse to notice, take no notice of
比較：ignore : He ignored the s peed limit (=he knew about it, but paid no attention to it) and drove very fast.它無視時速限制，車開得很快。
ignorant :無知的，不知道的
He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the fact that (= he didn’t know that) there was a speed limit. 他車開得很快，因為他不知道有時速限制。
15．attention n. 注意 （力）[u]
pay (close) attention to注意，重視
draw / catch / call /attract attention to
devote one’s attention to專注于
turn one’s attention to注意力轉向
give attention to
concentrate / hold one’s attention upon將注意力集中在
fix one’s attention on留意，專心于02
Now they stopped to pay attention to him.
He is very quiet and doesn’t draw much attention to himself.
All his attention was concentrated upon the great blue circle.
16．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍is used of people or behavior , but usually not of suffering （用于忍受人或行為，通常并不指忍受痛苦）
tolerate doing
I find it hard to tolerate your behavior.
bear/stand極大的肉體痛苦
He bore/ stood the pain as long as he could. 他盡力忍受
痛苦. 還可同can連用,表非常討厭的事情
I can’t bear/ stand strong coffee.
17. 1)affair事，事情[c]多指已發生的大小事情或必須去做的任何事情；
Leave me alone: mind your own affair.
It’s no affair of mine.
事務（多用復數）多指經濟，外交方面的重大事情
international affairs
affairs of state ／ family affair
current affairs時事
2)event 事件，事[c]
The important event of the year was the big earthquake.
3)incident事件；事變；插曲
July 7th Incident
accident事故，意外的事
by accident偶然
business n.商業，生意上的事
18. concern vt.
1）關于,關系到，與…有關to be about（無被動）
The story concerns a man who is wrongly imprisoned.這個故事是關于一個被冤枉入獄的人.
Does this concern me?
2)過去分詞作表語be concerned with … 和…有關,牽涉
I’m not concerned with that matter any longer.
His work is concerned with the preparation of the documents for
3)過去分詞作后置定語: 有關的
The man concerned was her husband.
We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.
4)使擔心,掛念worry
concern oneself with / about
be concerned about /with /for / over
Please don’t be concerned about me.
We are concerned about/for her safety.
5) so(as) far as … is concerned就…來說， 就…而論
So far as I’m concerned some other arrangement would have been satisfactory.
It is impossible as far as we are concerned.
n. 擔心，焦慮 [u]
There is no reason for concern.
Mother’s concern over her sick child kept her awake all night.
19. telegram n. 電報
He sent me a telegram yesterday.
比較: telegraph n. [u]
The news was sent by telegraph.
v.打電報
We telegraphed her the news.
20. locate -v.
1)to learn the position of確定…的地點,找到…的位置
We located the library, schools, and stores as soon as
we moved into the town. 我們一搬到這個城鎮里,就
找到了圖書館,學校和商店的地點.
2)使…坐落于, 把…設置在fix/ set in a certain place.
be located位于
Where is it located?
The firehouse is located on Main Street.
The house is located next to the river.這房子坐落在河邊.
21.look up to =respect=admire
(opp.) look down upon
look into
look on
look forward to
look on …as
look out
look through
22.bore vt.使厭煩make sb. uninterested
The lesson was boring.
The students were bored (by it).
23.fall in love with
be in love with
24.attitude n.
(1) a way of feeling態度,表現
attitude to( towards)
What ‘s you attitude towards this idea?
(2) a position of the body (正式)姿態,姿勢
25.disappoint –vt.
1)使失望, 使計劃受挫unhappy at not seeing hopes come true
I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I can’t come after all.
讓你失望了很抱歉,可我實在不能來.
2)disappointed adj. 失望的
*be disappointed about/ at/ in / with sb. /sth.
be disappointed to do
Are you disappointed about/ at losing the race?
My parents will be disappointed in/ with me if I fail
the examination.
She was very disappointed to hear it.
3) disappointing adj.令人失望
Her acting was disappointing.; I hoped she would do better.
What disappointing news !
He was disappointing , so his parents were very disappointed with him.
to one’s disappointment
The film made all of us ___. It is really ___.
A. disappointing; disappointed
B. disappointed; disappointing
C. disappointed: to be disappointed
D. fell disappointing; disappointing
Text:
1. generous 1) 慷慨，大方 (opp) mean
It is generous of sb. to do
It is generous of you to lend me your car yesterday.
be generous to sb.
The poor are usually generous to each other.
be generous with sth.
She is not very generous with the food.
2）豐盛的
He gave me a generous meal.
2.rob sb. / sp. of sth
不能說：rob sth.
Mrs Smith was robbed of her 4 3,000 designer watch at her west London home.
steal sth from sb./sp.
不能說：steal sb.
She was caught stealing food from the shop.他在商店偷食品時被發現了.
pick one’s pocket掏腰包
3.Food prices are going up.
go up go down vi.
上漲 rise 下降 bring down (the prices) vt.
get higher reduce vt.
The prices have been brought down.
The price is too high/ low.
The shirt is too expensive / cheap.
4. burn down (a building) be destroyed by fire燒毀 (強調破
壞性)
The building was burned down and only ashes were left.
burn out make hollow by fire燒光，燒掉
The building was burned out and only the walls remained.
burn up destroy completely by fire燒完，燒盡 (強調結果)
All the wood has been burned up.所有的木頭都已燒完.
5. experienced pp. used as an adverbial分詞作定語
1) When shall we send the corrected papers back to them?
2) The unexpected arrival of the letter made us jump with joy. 那封信突然的到來使我們高興得跳了起來.
3) He made an inspiring speech at the meeting.
4) The inspired audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause.受到鼓舞的聽眾站立起來,對他報以長時間的熱烈掌聲.
6.relate to sb. / sth. 能理解或同情某人(某事物)
Students find it difficult to relate to the life of a scientidt. 學生們發現理解科學家的生活很難.
relate… to有關聯的, 相關的
It refers to something in the past which is directly relate
to the present time. 它指的是發生在過去但與現在有直接關系的某件事.
If you relate the results to the cause, you will find things are not that simple. 如果你把結果與援引聯系起來看,你會發現事情并不那么簡單.
7. for once=just for once=for this once=this once (至少)這一次(平時不這樣)
1) For once, they broke the rule.
2) For once ,you are wrong.
3) For once, Brown, the toughest man, was asking for support.只有這一次Brown這個硬漢,開口求人了.
at once/immediately/
all at once/ suddenly/ all of a sudden
8. 1)rather than 而不是，與其…寧愿 instead of
The color seems green rather than blue.
He is a write rather than a poet.
He ran rather than walked.
Rather cause trouble, he left.
2)rather than連接兩個并列主語時與前者一致
He rather rather you is to blame.
3) A rather than B = more A than B與其說B,不如說A.
He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
=He is more an artist than a philosopher.與其說他是位哲學家,不如說他是位藝術家.
4)would (had) rather … than寧愿…不愿
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would
beg in the streets.
9.keep + adj. (present p./past p.) 使保持，繼續（處于某種狀態）
Will you take these home and keep them safe?請你把這些帶回來，安全保管好嗎?
Keep the fire burning.
Would you keep me informed of how things are going? 你隨時通知我事情的進展好嗎？
10. make sure that 確保，設法做到
Please make sure that the house is locked when you leave.
Before she called on her friends, she rang to make sure that they were home.
make sure of / about
Make sure of all the facts before you write the report.
寫報告前要弄清所有的事實.
There is just one or two details that I would like to make
sure about. 只有一兩個細節我想弄明白.
11. bring back 1)帶回, 送回
He always brings me back something nice when he goes overseas.
4) 使回憶起來,使恢復
Her heart stopped three times, but they brought her back.
Talking about it brings it all back.一談起這件事就全想起來了.
12. adapt to改變，使能適應change so as to be suitable for new needs
It is not easy to adapt oneself to new conditions. 要使自己適應新環境是不容易的。
When you go abroad, you are often obliged to adapt yourself to foreign habits and customs. 一個人出國后往往被迫適應外國的風俗習慣。
13….it was the first time that I had written with real passion…
一些時態的固定句型:
1) That /It is the first /second …time that + have done
was had done
This is the first time I’ve come here.
It was the third time(that) he had made the same mistake.
2) It is / has been + 一段時間 + since did
was had done
It is ( has been) two weeks since I came here.
我來這兩個星期了．（終止性動詞表延續）
It is five years since I smoked.
我不吸煙五年了．（沿續性動詞表終止）
I have smoked for five years.吸煙五年
She said it was five years since she had finished her work.完成工作五年了
It is ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.十年沒這么快樂了
3) was/ were about to do when + did
was/ were doing
was/were going to do
was / were on the flight
We were about to leave when the telephone rang.
4) Hardly had…done when did
No sooner than
Scarcely when/ before
Hardly had I got home when it rained.
5) It won’t be／take + 一段時間＋before do用不了多久就
It will be/take + 一段時間 ＋before… 用了多久就．．．
It won’t be long before he comes back.
It will be two hours before he comes back.
It wasn’t + 一段時間 + before did 沒過多久就．．．
It was + 一段時間 + before did 過了多久就．．．
It wasn’t ten years before they met again.
6)It is time that should do/ did
It is time that they went to school.
13．be/ get / become addicted to sth.… 對…有(上)癮unable to stop having, taking
Soon he became addicted to cigarettes.
The children are addicted to television.
addiction 嗜好
14. on all sides = on every side 在各方面,四面八方
On all sides there was great enthusiasm over his speech. 他的演講及其各界人們極大的熱情.
They were trapped with enemies on every side.他們陷入困境四面楚歌.
15. respect 1) vt.
He respect every opinion his friend held.
2) n. 尊敬 [u, 可加a ] 重視
have (no, much) respect for sb. /sth.
I have much respect for him.
He has no respect for his promises.
3)n. (pl) 敬意,問候 =regards
Give my respects/ regards to your wife.
16. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth.示威者們在場外與工人們交談，積極呼吁保護地球，表現出了勇氣和力量。
brave and strong表句子主語在talk和leave a message時的情形, 即:when the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth, they were brave and strong..
eg. The old man went to bed hungry last night. (The old man was hungry when he went bed last night. 這種結構與副詞作狀語結構不同.前者主要說明主語,后者主要說明謂語.
The old man went to bed slowly. (The action of “ going to bed” is slow)
He went home, tired and hungry.
17.