【知識網絡】
一、重點詞匯與短語
1．govern vt. & vi.統(tǒng)治;控制;治理
The mayor governed the city very wisely.
Self interest governs all his actions.
government n.政府，政體，統(tǒng)治；governor總督，省長，主管人員；the governing class統(tǒng)治階級；the governing body董事會，理事會
2． as a consequence (of)作為（……的）結果
As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.
As a consequence, the bitterest race hatrads broke out in Hungary.
類似表達：in (as a) consequence of由于……，因……;as a result of因……
3．break out(火災、疾病、戰(zhàn)爭、暴亂等)突然發(fā)生
break away from脫離；放棄（習慣等）；打破（陳規(guī)）
break into破門而入；突然……起來
break in闖入；打斷
break up拆散；分裂；分解
break down毀掉；垮；身體垮下來
break off折斷，打斷
用法注意：break out一般不用于被動語態(tài)和進行時。
4．round up聚攏；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.
The teacher asked for the whole class to be rounded up.
5．classify vt.編排；分類
classify sth. according to/by sth.依據(jù)……分類
classify sb./sth. as歸入……類；分等級
classify sb./sth. in/into…把……歸為……類
The books in the library are classified by subject.
6．promote v.使晉升；促進；設立；發(fā)起
promote sb. to sth.提升，擢升某人
promote foreign trade促進對外貿易
promote a new product促銷新產品
7．reward n. vt.報答；報酬；給報酬，獎賞
ask for reward不圖報酬
give a reward to sb. for sth.為某事給某人報酬
offer a reward of…給酬金……
as a reward for…作為對……的酬謝
reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因……報答某人
reward sb. with/by…用……酬謝某人
8．pass away去世，逝世
pass by走過；經過；忽視
pass sth. down(常用于被動語態(tài))一代一代傳下去
pass sth. on(to sb.)將某物傳交給（某人）
pass through sth.經歷（一段時間）
二、詞義辨析
1． respect, honour與regard
辨析：respect, honour與regard
（1）respect尊敬，正式用語，指對父母、年長者、正直的人、學者、法律等的尊敬或敬重。
如：
He respects his parents.他尊敬父母。
（2）honour尊敬，非常尊敬（＝respect highly）指對君主、長輩、父母、貴人、德高之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。
如：
He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊為勇者。
（3）regard尊敬，指對父母、他人的感情、法律等的尊敬。
We all regard our English teacher highly.我們都很尊敬我們的英語老師。
2．be sure of與be sure to do
be sure of(或that)主語是人，主語感到“有把握，確信”
be sure to do主語可以是人或物，表示說話人推測“一定，必然會”。
如：
He is sure of his success.=He is sure that he will succeed.
他確信他會成功。（主語He的信念）
He is sure to succeed.他一定會成功。（說話人的意見）
It is sure to rain.天準會下雨。
三、重點句型
1．It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognise the importance of a diverse society.
很多年之后澳大利亞人才開始尊重土著人，并且意識到多樣性社會的重要性。
It would(will) be +段時間+until+從句是一個句型，表示“過多長時間才……”。
如：
It would be 10 years until he knew the truth
十年之后他才得知真相。
It will be 10 years until you understand
十年后你才會明白。
2．In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.
從面積上說，它大約同美國（不包括阿拉斯加）相當，而美國的人口卻是澳大利亞的十四倍多。
As many people 后面省掉了 it has. 注意倍數(shù)表達法。
如A是B的X倍，可表示如下：
A be x times the size/height/length…of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 times bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher than B by x-1 times
3．In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked.
在年輕時代，查理斯達爾文可以自由地做試驗及他喜歡做的任何事。
Whatever he liked 引導賓語從句，作do的賓語。
四、語法復習
1．表語
（一）表語的定義
表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
（二）表語的表現(xiàn)形式
表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不式式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。
（1）名詞
Our teacher of English is an American.我們的英語老師是美國人。
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航員。
（2）代詞
Is this yours?這是你的嗎？
That’s all I want to tell you.我要告訴你的就是這些。
（3）形容詞
The weather has turned cold.天氣變冷了。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我到過的最美麗的城市。
（4）分詞
The speech is exciting.這演講激動人心。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老師對我的英語口語很滿意。
（5）數(shù)詞
Three times seven is twenty瞣ne.3乘7等于21。
He is always the first to enter the office.他總是第一個進辦公室。
（6）不定式
His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英語。
Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.他們的計劃是一周內完成這項實驗。
（7）動名詞
His hobby is playing football.他的愛好是踢足球。
My wish is studying law in a university.我的愿望是在大學學習法律。
（8）介詞短語
The machine must be out of order.機器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反對我們的計劃。
（9）副詞
Time is up. The class is over.時間到了，下課。
My father isn’t in. He is out.我父親不在家，他出去了。
（10）表語從句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
實際情況是他從未出過國。
2．賓語
（一）賓語的定義
賓語表示動作的對象或行為的承受者，用在及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語動詞之后。可以作賓語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式（短語）、名詞化的形容詞、瞚ng分詞短語、從句等。
（二）賓語的表現(xiàn)形式
（1）名詞
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他們昨天去看了展覽。
He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算買本字典。
（2）代詞
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
那場大雨使我未能準時到校上學。
We should learn from him.我們應該向他學習。
（3）數(shù)詞
-How many dictionaries do you have?你有幾本字典？
-I have five.我有5本。
（4）名詞化的形容詞或分詞
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他們昨天幫助老年人做家務。
We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.
我們應該立刻把傷員送進醫(yī)院。
（5）不定式（短語）
He pretended not to see me.他假裝沒有看見我。
She didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
（6）動名詞（短語）
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜歡聽游行音樂。
He practises speaking English every day.他每天練習講英語。
（7）從句
I think (that) he is fit for his office.我認為他稱職。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他問我班上誰的發(fā)音最好。
（三）賓語的種類
（1）直接賓語
直接賓語表示動作的承受者或結果，通常指物。
Lend me your dictionary, please.請把你的字典借給我。
Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?
對不起，請問到火車站怎么走？
（2）間接賓語
間接賓語表示動作所向的或所為的人或物，通常指人。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前，也可位于直接賓語之后，但此時在它的前面須加介詞to。
The company sent us a few computers last year.公司去掉給我們送了幾臺計算機。
He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送給我一份生日禮物。
（3）復合賓語
有些動詞除了跟有賓語外，還需要一個詞來說明賓語的身份或狀態(tài)，以補充其意義的不足，這樣的詞或短語叫做賓語補足語。賓語與賓語補足語一起就叫做復合賓語，它們在邏輯上有主謂關系。如果直接賓語是不定式、動名詞或從句，常用it作形式賓語。
They elected him their monitor.他們選他當班長。（代詞+名詞）
I found the baby always happy.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個嬰兒總是很愉快的。（名詞+形容詞）
The next day he found himself in the hospital when he waked.
當他第二天醒來時發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。（代詞+介詞短語）
I often ask him to help me with my English.我經常請他幫助我學英語。
（代詞+動詞不定式）
I find it easy to answer this question.我發(fā)現(xiàn)回答這個問題是容易的。
（it作形式賓語）
（4）介詞賓語
位于介詞后面的賓語稱做介詞賓語。
In our school about three瞗ourths of the students are from the north.
我們學校3/4的學生來自北方。
【考點透視 考例精析】
[考例1] It is reported that the United States uses _______ energy as the whole of Europe.
A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much
[解析] Ｄ 本題考查倍數(shù)表達法。考比較等級及修飾語，表分數(shù)、倍數(shù)、百分數(shù)的修飾語一般應放在比較等級的前面。詳見前面解釋。
[考例2] You were silly not _______ your car.
A．to lock B．to have locked C．locking D．having locked
[解析] Ｄ 考非謂語動詞，由句意可知lock your car的動作應該業(yè)已完成，故選擇D項。
[考例3] It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished.
A．for B．with C．from D．of
[解析] Ｂ 考查with的復合結構。with+名詞+過去分詞通常在句中作伴隨狀語。
[考例4] Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Taken
[解析] Ｃ 祈使句+and+將來時態(tài)的句子＝if條件句+將來時態(tài)的句子。
[考例5] Before building a house, you will have to ______ the government’s permission.
A．get from B． follow C．receive D．ask for
[解析] Ｄ ask for permission是固定詞組，意為“征求許可；征得同意。”
【基礎演練】
一、據(jù)首字母（漢語提示）填詞，完成句子。
1．Her ______(同伴) share her interest in computers.
2．The airplane’s _______ (目的地) is Pairs.
3．T______ this sentence into the passive.
4．Chinese is his _______(長項).
5．He has a poor French ______(詞匯量).
6．What is the usual ______ (手續(xù)) for setting up a new school?
7．Exercise gave me an ______(食欲).
8．The teacher______ (計算) the average mark of the class.
9．They are preparing for war on a large______ (規(guī)模).
10．Never judge a man by his ______(外貌).
二、單項選擇
1．Every government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the______ .
A．consequences B．endings C．results D．outcome
2．In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have been ______ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.
A．altered B．converted C．transmitted D．transformed
3．People in New York ______ that their city is the most vital city in the world.
A．announce B． claim C．state D．pronounce
4．She ______ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A．looks B． compares C． resembles D．equals
5．The two sides in the dispute still differ ______ each other ______ the question of pay.
A．with; over B．with; in C．over; with D．on; over
6．We should make a clear _______ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A．distinction B． discrimination C．deviation D．separation
7．It was said that she was going abroad at her own ______.
A．money B．expense C．fund D．charge
8． ______ energy must be released in one form or another, for example, and earthquake.
A．Gathered B．Collected C．Accumulated D．Assembled
9．In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ______ .
A．power B．privilege C．program D．promotion
10．Because of his achievements in the last year, John was ______ to a higher position.
A． risen B．promoted C．lifted D．grown
【能力拓展】
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
Sitting is an art that isn’t getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies-or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn’t sitting-it’s watching.
People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oil cans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.
Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest(消化) the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel’s illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze(悠閑的氛圍 ).
That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery(正充電的電池)doesn’t look as if it’s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don’t just do something-sit there.
1．What message does the author try to get through to us?
A．People should make better use of their sitting room.
B．People should spend less time watching TV.
C．People should pass down their good habits.
D．People should take things easy for their own good.
2．We can learn from the second paragraph that______ .
A．people lived a more restful life in the past
B．towns were built to make living convenient
C．small town garages had a lot to offer
D．people enjoyed going out for a drive
3．The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for ______ .
A．eating food B．watching TV
C．gathering together D．playing with children
4． From the text we know the writer believes ______ .
A．sitting has a good spiritual effect
B．sitting helps people remember the past
C．a sitting room may have different purposes
D．a sitting room is important for the old
參考答案
高三部分
Units 3~4 (B3)
基礎演練
一、1．fellows 2．destination 3．Transform 4．strength 5．vocabulary 6．procedure
7．appetite 8． calculated 9． scale 10．appearance
二、1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
參考答案及解析：
1-5 DACA
1．D 根據(jù)文章最后一段可知。
2．A 人們過去過著一種比較安逸的生活。
3．C 根據(jù)第三段的內容Mom and Dad, Grandpa and…
4．A 根據(jù)文章最后一段Sitting restores your soul可知。